7 Network Working Group Y. Nir
8 Request for Comments: 4478 Check Point
9 Category: Experimental April 2006
12 Repeated Authentication in Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol
16 This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
17 community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
18 Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
19 Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
23 Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
27 This document extends the Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol
28 document [IKEv2]. With some IPsec peers, particularly in the remote
29 access scenario, it is desirable to repeat the mutual authentication
30 periodically. The purpose of this is to limit the time that security
31 associations (SAs) can be used by a third party who has gained
32 control of the IPsec peer. This document describes a mechanism to
33 perform this function.
37 In several cases, such as the remote access scenario, policy dictates
38 that the mutual authentication needs to be repeated periodically.
39 Repeated authentication can usually be achieved by simply repeating
40 the Initial exchange by whichever side has a stricter policy.
42 However, in the remote access scenario it is usually up to a human
43 user to supply the authentication credentials, and often Extensible
44 Authentication Protocol (EAP) is used for authentication, which makes
45 it unreasonable or impossible for the remote access gateway to
46 initiate the IKEv2 exchange.
48 This document describes a new notification that the original
49 Responder can send to the original Initiator with the number of
50 seconds before the authentication needs to be repeated. The
51 Initiator SHOULD repeat the Initial exchange before that time is
52 expired. If the Initiator fails to do so, the Responder may close
53 all Security Associations.
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60 RFC 4478 Repeated Authentication in IKEv2 April 2006
63 Repeated authentication is not the same as IKE SA rekeying, and need
64 not be tied to it. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHOULD",
65 "SHOULD NOT", and "MAY" in this document are to be interpreted as
66 described in [RFC2119].
68 2. Authentication Lifetime
70 The Responder in an IKEv2 negotiation MAY be configured to limit the
71 time that an IKE SA and the associated IPsec SAs may be used before
72 the peer is required to repeat the authentication, through a new
75 The Responder MUST send this information to the Initiator in an
76 AUTH_LIFETIME notification either in the last message of an IKE_AUTH
77 exchange, or in an INFORMATIONAL request, which may be sent at any
80 When sent as part of the IKE SA setup, the AUTH_LIFETIME notification
84 ------------------------------- -----------------------------
85 HDR, SAi1, KEi, Ni -->
86 <-- HDR, SAr1, KEr, Nr, [CERTREQ]
87 HDR, SK {IDi, [CERT,] [CERTREQ,]
88 [IDr,] AUTH, SAi2, TSi, TSr} -->
89 <-- HDR, SK {IDr, [CERT,] AUTH,
93 The separate Informational exchange is formed as follows:
95 <-- HDR, SK {N(AUTH_LIFETIME)}
98 The AUTH_LIFETIME notification is described in Section 3.
100 The original Responder that sends the AUTH_LIFETIME notification
101 SHOULD send a DELETE notification soon after the end of the lifetime
102 period, unless the IKE SA is deleted before the lifetime period
103 elapses. If the IKE SA is rekeyed, then the time limit applies to
106 An Initiator that received an AUTH_LIFETIME notification SHOULD
107 repeat the Initial exchange within the time indicated in the
108 notification. The time is measured from the time that the original
109 Initiator receives the notification.
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116 RFC 4478 Repeated Authentication in IKEv2 April 2006
119 A special case is where the notification is sent in an Informational
120 exchange, and the lifetime is zero. In that case, the original
121 responder SHOULD allow a reasonable time for the repeated
122 authentication to occur.
124 The AUTH_LIFETIME notification MUST be protected and MAY be sent by
125 the original Responder at any time. If the policy changes, the
126 original Responder MAY send it again in a new Informational.
128 The new Initial exchange is not altered. The initiator SHOULD delete
129 the old IKE SA within a reasonable time of the new Auth exchange.
131 3. AUTH_LIFETIME Notification
133 The AUTH_LIFETIME message is a notification payload formatted as
137 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
138 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
139 ! Next Payload !C! RESERVED ! Payload Length !
140 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
141 ! Protocol ID ! SPI Size ! Notify Message Type !
142 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
144 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
146 o Payload Length is 12.
147 o Protocol ID (1 octet) MUST be 0.
148 o SPI size is 0 (SPI is in message header).
149 o Notify Message type is 16403 by IANA.
150 o Lifetime is the amount of time (in seconds) left before the
151 peer should repeat the Initial exchange. A zero value
152 signifies that the Initial exchange should begin immediately.
153 It is usually not reasonable to set this value to less than 300
154 (5 minutes) since that is too cumbersome for a user.
155 It is also usually not reasonable to set this value to more
156 than 86400 (1 day) as that would negate the security benefit of
157 repeating the authentication.
159 4. Interoperability with Non-Supporting IKEv2 Implementations
161 IKEv2 implementations that do not support the AUTH_LIFETIME
162 notification will ignore it and will not repeat the authentication.
163 In that case the original Responder will send a Delete notification
164 for the IKE SA in an Informational exchange. Such implementations
165 may be configured manually to repeat the authentication periodically.
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172 RFC 4478 Repeated Authentication in IKEv2 April 2006
175 Non-supporting Responders are not a problem because they will simply
176 not send these notifications. In that case, there is no requirement
177 that the original Initiator re-authenticate.
179 5. Security Considerations
181 The AUTH_LIFETIME notification sent by the Responder does not
182 override any security policy on the Initiator. In particular, the
183 Initiator may have a different policy regarding re-authentication,
184 requiring more frequent re-authentication. Such an Initiator can
185 repeat the authentication earlier then is required by the
188 An Initiator MAY set reasonable limits on the amount of time in the
189 AUTH_LIFETIME notification. For example, an authentication lifetime
190 of less than 300 seconds from SA initiation may be considered
193 6. IANA Considerations
195 The IANA has assigned a notification payload type for the
196 AUTH_LIFETIME notifications from the IKEv2 Notify Message Types
199 7. Normative References
201 [IKEv2] Kaufman, C., "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol", RFC
204 [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
205 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
210 Check Point Software Technologies
212 EMail: ynir@checkpoint.com
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228 RFC 4478 Repeated Authentication in IKEv2 April 2006
231 Full Copyright Statement
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