5 - IMPORTANT: the default keyexchange mode 'ike' is changing with release 4.5
6 from 'ikev1' to 'ikev2', thus commemorating the five year anniversary of the
7 IKEv2 RFC 4306 and its mature successor RFC 5996. The time has definitively
8 come for IKEv1 to go into retirement and to cede its place to the much more
9 robust, powerful and versatile IKEv2 protocol!
11 - Added new ctr, ccm and gcm plugins providing Counter, Counter with CBC-MAC
12 and Galois/Counter Modes based on existing CBC implementations. These
13 new plugins bring support for AES and Camellia Counter and CCM algorithms
14 and the AES GCM algorithms for use in IKEv2.
16 - The new pkcs11 plugin brings full Smartcard support to the IKEv2 daemon and
17 the pki utility using one or more PKCS#11 libraries. It currently supports
18 RSA private and public key operations and loads X.509 certificates from
21 - Implemented a general purpose TLS stack based on crypto and credential
22 primitives of libstrongswan. libtls supports TLS versions 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2,
23 ECDHE-ECDSA/RSA, DHE-RSA and RSA key exchange algorithms and RSA/ECDSA based
24 client authentication.
26 - Based on libtls, the eap-tls plugin brings certificate based EAP
27 authentication for client and server. It is compatible to Windows 7 IKEv2
28 Smartcard authentication and the OpenSSL based FreeRADIUS EAP-TLS backend.
30 - Implemented the TNCCS 1.1 Trusted Network Connect protocol using the
31 libtnc library on the strongSwan client and server side via the tnccs_11
32 plugin and optionally connecting to a TNC@FHH-enhanced FreeRADIUS AAA server.
33 Depending on the resulting TNC Recommendation, strongSwan clients are granted
34 access to a network behind a strongSwan gateway (allow), are put into a
35 remediation zone (isolate) or are blocked (none), respectively. Any number
36 of Integrity Measurement Collector/Verifier pairs can be attached
37 via the tnc-imc and tnc-imv charon plugins.
39 - The IKEv1 daemon pluto now uses the same kernel interfaces as the IKEv2
40 daemon charon. As a result of this, pluto now supports xfrm marks which
41 were introduced in charon with 4.4.1.
43 - Applets for Maemo 5 (Nokia) allow to easily configure and control IKEv2
44 based VPN connections with EAP authentication on supported devices.
46 - The RADIUS plugin eap-radius now supports multiple RADIUS servers for
47 redundant setups. Servers are selected by a defined priority, server load and
50 - The simple led plugin controls hardware LEDs through the Linux LED subsystem.
51 It currently shows activity of the IKE daemon and is a good example how to
52 implement a simple event listener.
54 - Improved MOBIKE behavior in several corner cases, for instance, if the
55 initial responder moves to a different address.
57 - Fixed left-/rightnexthop option, which was broken since 4.4.0.
59 - Fixed a bug not releasing a virtual IP address to a pool if the XAUTH
60 identity was different from the IKE identity.
62 - Fixed the alignment of ModeConfig messages on 4-byte boundaries in the
63 case where the attributes are not a multiple of 4 bytes (e.g. Cisco's
66 - Fixed the interoperability of the socket_raw and socket_default
69 - Added man page for strongswan.conf
75 - Support of xfrm marks in IPsec SAs and IPsec policies introduced
76 with the Linux 2.6.34 kernel. For details see the example scenarios
77 ikev2/nat-two-rw-mark, ikev2/rw-nat-mark-in-out and ikev2/net2net-psk-dscp.
79 - The PLUTO_MARK_IN and PLUTO_ESP_ENC environment variables can be used
80 in a user-specific updown script to set marks on inbound ESP or
83 - The openssl plugin now supports X.509 certificate and CRL functions.
85 - OCSP/CRL checking in IKEv2 has been moved to the revocation plugin, enabled
86 by default. Plase update manual load directives in strongswan.conf.
88 - RFC3779 ipAddrBlock constraint checking has been moved to the addrblock
89 plugin, disabled by default. Enable it and update manual load directives
90 in strongswan.conf, if required.
92 - The pki utility supports CRL generation using the --signcrl command.
94 - The ipsec pki --self, --issue and --req commands now support output in
95 PEM format using the --outform pem option.
97 - The major refactoring of the IKEv1 Mode Config functionality now allows
98 the transport and handling of any Mode Config attribute.
100 - The RADIUS proxy plugin eap-radius now supports multiple servers. Configured
101 servers are chosen randomly, with the option to prefer a specific server.
102 Non-responding servers are degraded by the selection process.
104 - The ipsec pool tool manages arbitrary configuration attributes stored
105 in an SQL database. ipsec pool --help gives the details.
107 - The new eap-simaka-sql plugin acts as a backend for EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA,
108 reading triplets/quintuplets from an SQL database.
110 - The High Availability plugin now supports a HA enabled in-memory address
111 pool and Node reintegration without IKE_SA rekeying. The latter allows
112 clients without IKE_SA rekeying support to keep connected during
113 reintegration. Additionally, many other issues have been fixed in the ha
116 - Fixed a potential remote code execution vulnerability resulting from
117 the misuse of snprintf(). The vulnerability is exploitable by
118 unauthenticated users.
124 - The IKEv2 High Availability plugin has been integrated. It provides
125 load sharing and failover capabilities in a cluster of currently two nodes,
126 based on an extend ClusterIP kernel module. More information is available at
127 http://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/HighAvailability.
128 The development of the High Availability functionality was sponsored by
129 secunet Security Networks AG.
131 - Added IKEv1 and IKEv2 configuration support for the AES-GMAC
132 authentication-only ESP cipher. Our aes_gmac kernel patch or a Linux
133 2.6.34 kernel is required to make AES-GMAC available via the XFRM
136 - Added support for Diffie-Hellman groups 22, 23 and 24 to the gmp, gcrypt
137 and openssl plugins, usable by both pluto and charon. The new proposal
138 keywords are modp1024s160, modp2048s224 and modp2048s256. Thanks to Joy Latten
139 from IBM for his contribution.
141 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon supports RAM-based virtual IP pools using
142 the rightsourceip directive with a subnet from which addresses
145 - The ipsec pki --gen and --pub commands now allow the output of
146 private and public keys in PEM format using the --outform pem
149 - The new DHCP plugin queries virtual IP addresses for clients from a DHCP
150 server using broadcasts, or a defined server using the
151 charon.plugins.dhcp.server strongswan.conf option. DNS/WINS server information
152 is additionally served to clients if the DHCP server provides such
153 information. The plugin is used in ipsec.conf configurations having
154 rightsourceip set to %dhcp.
156 - A new plugin called farp fakes ARP responses for virtual IP addresses
157 handed out to clients from the IKEv2 daemon charon. The plugin lets a
158 road-warrior act as a client on the local LAN if it uses a virtual IP
159 from the responders subnet, e.g. acquired using the DHCP plugin.
161 - The existing IKEv2 socket implementations have been migrated to the
162 socket-default and the socket-raw plugins. The new socket-dynamic plugin
163 binds sockets dynamically to ports configured via the left-/rightikeport
164 ipsec.conf connection parameters.
166 - The android charon plugin stores received DNS server information as "net.dns"
167 system properties, as used by the Android platform.
173 - The IKEv2 daemon supports RFC 3779 IP address block constraints
174 carried as a critical X.509v3 extension in the peer certificate.
176 - The ipsec pool --add|del dns|nbns command manages DNS and NBNS name
177 server entries that are sent via the IKEv1 Mode Config or IKEv2
178 Configuration Payload to remote clients.
180 - The Camellia cipher can be used as an IKEv1 encryption algorithm.
182 - The IKEv1 and IKEV2 daemons now check certificate path length constraints.
184 - The new ipsec.conf conn option "inactivity" closes a CHILD_SA if no traffic
185 was sent or received within the given interval. To close the complete IKE_SA
186 if its only CHILD_SA was inactive, set the global strongswan.conf option
187 "charon.inactivity_close_ike" to yes.
189 - More detailed IKEv2 EAP payload information in debug output
191 - IKEv2 EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA share joint libsimaka library
193 - Added required userland changes for proper SHA256 and SHA384/512 in ESP that
194 will be introduced with Linux 2.6.33. The "sha256"/"sha2_256" keyword now
195 configures the kernel with 128 bit truncation, not the non-standard 96
196 bit truncation used by previous releases. To use the old 96 bit truncation
197 scheme, the new "sha256_96" proposal keyword has been introduced.
199 - Fixed IPComp in tunnel mode, stripping out the duplicated outer header. This
200 change makes IPcomp tunnel mode connections incompatible with previous
201 releases; disable compression on such tunnels.
203 - Fixed BEET mode connections on recent kernels by installing SAs with
204 appropriate traffic selectors, based on a patch by Michael Rossberg.
206 - Using extensions (such as BEET mode) and crypto algorithms (such as twofish,
207 serpent, sha256_96) allocated in the private use space now require that we
208 know its meaning, i.e. we are talking to strongSwan. Use the new
209 "charon.send_vendor_id" option in strongswan.conf to let the remote peer know
212 - Experimental support for draft-eronen-ipsec-ikev2-eap-auth, where the
213 responder omits public key authentication in favor of a mutual authentication
214 method. To enable EAP-only authentication, set rightauth=eap on the responder
215 to rely only on the MSK constructed AUTH payload. This not-yet standardized
216 extension requires the strongSwan vendor ID introduced above.
218 - The IKEv1 daemon ignores the Juniper SRX notification type 40001, thus
219 allowing interoperability.
225 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon can now use SQL-based address pools to deal out
226 virtual IP addresses as a Mode Config server. The pool capability has been
227 migrated from charon's sql plugin to a new attr-sql plugin which is loaded
228 by libstrongswan and which can be used by both daemons either with a SQLite
229 or MySQL database and the corresponding plugin.
231 - Plugin names have been streamlined: EAP plugins now have a dash after eap
232 (e.g. eap-sim), as it is used with the --enable-eap-sim ./configure option.
233 Plugin configuration sections in strongswan.conf now use the same name as the
234 plugin itself (i.e. with a dash). Make sure to update "load" directives and
235 the affected plugin sections in existing strongswan.conf files.
237 - The private/public key parsing and encoding has been split up into
238 separate pkcs1, pgp, pem and dnskey plugins. The public key implementation
239 plugins gmp, gcrypt and openssl can all make use of them.
241 - The EAP-AKA plugin can use different backends for USIM/quintuplet
242 calculations, very similar to the EAP-SIM plugin. The existing 3GPP2 software
243 implementation has been migrated to a separate plugin.
245 - The IKEv2 daemon charon gained basic PGP support. It can use locally installed
246 peer certificates and can issue signatures based on RSA private keys.
248 - The new 'ipsec pki' tool provides a set of commands to maintain a public
249 key infrastructure. It currently supports operations to create RSA and ECDSA
250 private/public keys, calculate fingerprints and issue or verify certificates.
252 - Charon uses a monotonic time source for statistics and job queueing, behaving
253 correctly if the system time changes (e.g. when using NTP).
255 - In addition to time based rekeying, charon supports IPsec SA lifetimes based
256 on processed volume or number of packets. They new ipsec.conf paramaters
257 'lifetime' (an alias to 'keylife'), 'lifebytes' and 'lifepackets' handle
258 SA timeouts, while the parameters 'margintime' (an alias to rekeymargin),
259 'marginbytes' and 'marginpackets' trigger the rekeying before a SA expires.
260 The existing parameter 'rekeyfuzz' affects all margins.
262 - If no CA/Gateway certificate is specified in the NetworkManager plugin,
263 charon uses a set of trusted root certificates preinstalled by distributions.
264 The directory containing CA certificates can be specified using the
265 --with-nm-ca-dir=path configure option.
267 - Fixed the encoding of the Email relative distinguished name in left|rightid
270 - Fixed the broken parsing of PKCS#7 wrapped certificates by the pluto daemon.
272 - Fixed smartcard-based authentication in the pluto daemon which was broken by
273 the ECDSA support introduced with the 4.3.2 release.
275 - A patch contributed by Heiko Hund fixes mixed IPv6 in IPv4 and vice versa
276 tunnels established with the IKEv1 pluto daemon.
278 - The pluto daemon now uses the libstrongswan x509 plugin for certificates and
279 CRls and the struct id type was replaced by identification_t used by charon
280 and the libstrongswan library.
286 - IKEv2 charon daemon ported to FreeBSD and Mac OS X. Installation details can
287 be found on wiki.strongswan.org.
289 - ipsec statusall shows the number of bytes transmitted and received over
290 ESP connections configured by the IKEv2 charon daemon.
292 - The IKEv2 charon daemon supports include files in ipsec.secrets.
298 - The configuration option --enable-integrity-test plus the strongswan.conf
299 option libstrongswan.integrity_test = yes activate integrity tests
300 of the IKE daemons charon and pluto, libstrongswan and all loaded
301 plugins. Thus dynamic library misconfigurations and non-malicious file
302 manipulations can be reliably detected.
304 - The new default setting libstrongswan.ecp_x_coordinate_only=yes allows
305 IKEv1 interoperability with MS Windows using the ECP DH groups 19 and 20.
307 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the AES-CCM and AES-GCM ESP
308 authenticated encryption algorithms.
310 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports V4 OpenPGP keys.
312 - The RDN parser vulnerability discovered by Orange Labs research team
313 was not completely fixed in version 4.3.2. Some more modifications
314 had to be applied to the asn1_length() function to make it robust.
320 - The new gcrypt plugin provides symmetric cipher, hasher, RNG, Diffie-Hellman
321 and RSA crypto primitives using the LGPL licensed GNU gcrypt library.
323 - libstrongswan features an integrated crypto selftest framework for registered
324 algorithms. The test-vector plugin provides a first set of test vectors and
325 allows pluto and charon to rely on tested crypto algorithms.
327 - pluto can now use all libstrongswan plugins with the exception of x509 and xcbc.
328 Thanks to the openssl plugin, the ECP Diffie-Hellman groups 19, 20, 21, 25, and
329 26 as well as ECDSA-256, ECDSA-384, and ECDSA-521 authentication can be used
332 - Applying their fuzzing tool, the Orange Labs vulnerability research team found
333 another two DoS vulnerabilities, one in the rather old ASN.1 parser of Relative
334 Distinguished Names (RDNs) and a second one in the conversion of ASN.1 UTCTIME
335 and GENERALIZEDTIME strings to a time_t value.
341 - The nm plugin now passes DNS/NBNS server information to NetworkManager,
342 allowing a gateway administrator to set DNS/NBNS configuration on clients
345 - The nm plugin also accepts CA certificates for gateway authentication. If
346 a CA certificate is configured, strongSwan uses the entered gateway address
347 as its idenitity, requiring the gateways certificate to contain the same as
348 subjectAltName. This allows a gateway administrator to deploy the same
349 certificates to Windows 7 and NetworkManager clients.
351 - The command ipsec purgeike deletes IKEv2 SAs that don't have a CHILD SA.
352 The command ipsec down <conn>{n} deletes CHILD SA instance n of connection
353 <conn> whereas ipsec down <conn>{*} deletes all CHILD SA instances.
354 The command ipsec down <conn>[n] deletes IKE SA instance n of connection
355 <conn> plus dependent CHILD SAs whereas ipsec down <conn>[*] deletes all
356 IKE SA instances of connection <conn>.
358 - Fixed a regression introduced in 4.3.0 where EAP authentication calculated
359 the AUTH payload incorrectly. Further, the EAP-MSCHAPv2 MSK key derivation
360 has been updated to be compatible with the Windows 7 Release Candidate.
362 - Refactored installation of triggering policies. Routed policies are handled
363 outside of IKE_SAs to keep them installed in any case. A tunnel gets
364 established only once, even if initiation is delayed due network outages.
366 - Improved the handling of multiple acquire signals triggered by the kernel.
368 - Fixed two DoS vulnerabilities in the charon daemon that were discovered by
369 fuzzing techniques: 1) Sending a malformed IKE_SA_INIT request leaved an
370 incomplete state which caused a null pointer dereference if a subsequent
371 CREATE_CHILD_SA request was sent. 2) Sending an IKE_AUTH request with either
372 a missing TSi or TSr payload caused a null pointer derefence because the
373 checks for TSi and TSr were interchanged. The IKEv2 fuzzer used was
374 developped by the Orange Labs vulnerability research team. The tool was
375 initially written by Gabriel Campana and is now maintained by Laurent Butti.
377 - Added support for AES counter mode in ESP in IKEv2 using the proposal
378 keywords aes128ctr, aes192ctr and aes256ctr.
380 - Further progress in refactoring pluto: Use of the curl and ldap plugins
381 for fetching crls and OCSP. Use of the random plugin to get keying material
382 from /dev/random or /dev/urandom. Use of the openssl plugin as an alternative
383 to the aes, des, sha1, sha2, and md5 plugins. The blowfish, twofish, and
384 serpent encryption plugins are now optional and are not enabled by default.
390 - Support for the IKEv2 Multiple Authentication Exchanges extension (RFC4739).
391 Initiators and responders can use several authentication rounds (e.g. RSA
392 followed by EAP) to authenticate. The new ipsec.conf leftauth/rightauth and
393 leftauth2/rightauth2 parameters define own authentication rounds or setup
394 constraints for the remote peer. See the ipsec.conf man page for more detials.
396 - If glibc printf hooks (register_printf_function) are not available,
397 strongSwan can use the vstr string library to run on non-glibc systems.
399 - The IKEv2 charon daemon can now configure the ESP CAMELLIA-CBC cipher
400 (esp=camellia128|192|256).
402 - Refactored the pluto and scepclient code to use basic functions (memory
403 allocation, leak detective, chunk handling, printf_hooks, strongswan.conf
404 attributes, ASN.1 parser, etc.) from the libstrongswan library.
406 - Up to two DNS and WINS servers to be sent via IKEv1 ModeConfig can be
407 configured in the pluto section of strongswan.conf.
413 - The new server-side EAP RADIUS plugin (--enable-eap-radius)
414 relays EAP messages to and from a RADIUS server. Succesfully
415 tested with with a freeradius server using EAP-MD5 and EAP-SIM.
417 - A vulnerability in the Dead Peer Detection (RFC 3706) code was found by
418 Gerd v. Egidy <gerd.von.egidy@intra2net.com> of Intra2net AG affecting
419 all Openswan and strongSwan releases. A malicious (or expired ISAKMP)
420 R_U_THERE or R_U_THERE_ACK Dead Peer Detection packet can cause the
421 pluto IKE daemon to crash and restart. No authentication or encryption
422 is required to trigger this bug. One spoofed UDP packet can cause the
423 pluto IKE daemon to restart and be unresponsive for a few seconds while
424 restarting. This DPD null state vulnerability has been officially
425 registered as CVE-2009-0790 and is fixed by this release.
427 - ASN.1 to time_t conversion caused a time wrap-around for
428 dates after Jan 18 03:14:07 UTC 2038 on 32-bit platforms.
429 As a workaround such dates are set to the maximum representable
430 time, i.e. Jan 19 03:14:07 UTC 2038.
432 - Distinguished Names containing wildcards (*) are not sent in the
439 - Fixed a use-after-free bug in the DPD timeout section of the
440 IKEv1 pluto daemon which sporadically caused a segfault.
442 - Fixed a crash in the IKEv2 charon daemon occuring with
443 mixed RAM-based and SQL-based virtual IP address pools.
445 - Fixed ASN.1 parsing of algorithmIdentifier objects where the
446 parameters field is optional.
448 - Ported nm plugin to NetworkManager 7.1.
454 - Support of the EAP-MSCHAPv2 protocol enabled by the option
455 --enable-eap-mschapv2. Requires the MD4 hash algorithm enabled
456 either by --enable-md4 or --enable-openssl.
458 - Assignment of up to two DNS and up to two WINS servers to peers via
459 the IKEv2 Configuration Payload (CP). The IPv4 or IPv6 nameserver
460 addresses are defined in strongswan.conf.
462 - The strongSwan applet for the Gnome NetworkManager is now built and
463 distributed as a separate tarball under the name NetworkManager-strongswan.
469 - Fixed ESP NULL encryption broken by the refactoring of keymat.c.
470 Also introduced proper initialization and disposal of keying material.
472 - Fixed the missing listing of connection definitions in ipsec statusall
473 broken by an unfortunate local variable overload.
479 - Several performance improvements to handle thousands of tunnels with almost
480 linear upscaling. All relevant data structures have been replaced by faster
481 counterparts with better lookup times.
483 - Better parallelization to run charon on multiple cores. Due to improved
484 ressource locking and other optimizations the daemon can take full
485 advantage of 16 or even more cores.
487 - The load-tester plugin can use a NULL Diffie-Hellman group and simulate
488 unique identities and certificates by signing peer certificates using a CA
491 - The redesigned stroke in-memory IP pool handles leases. The "ipsec leases"
492 command queries assigned leases.
494 - Added support for smartcards in charon by using the ENGINE API provided by
495 OpenSSL, based on patches by Michael Roßberg.
497 - The Padlock plugin supports the hardware RNG found on VIA CPUs to provide a
498 reliable source of randomness.
503 - Flexible configuration of logging subsystem allowing to log to multiple
504 syslog facilities or to files using fine-grained log levels for each target.
506 - Load testing plugin to do stress testing of the IKEv2 daemon against self
507 or another host. Found and fixed issues during tests in the multi-threaded
508 use of the OpenSSL plugin.
510 - Added profiling code to synchronization primitives to find bottlenecks if
511 running on multiple cores. Found and fixed an issue where parts of the
512 Diffie-Hellman calculation acquired an exclusive lock. This greatly improves
513 parallelization to multiple cores.
515 - updown script invocation has been separated into a plugin of its own to
516 further slim down the daemon core.
518 - Separated IKE_SA/CHILD_SA key derivation process into a closed system,
519 allowing future implementations to use a secured environment in e.g. kernel
522 - The kernel interface of charon has been modularized. XFRM NETLINK (default)
523 and PFKEY (--enable-kernel-pfkey) interface plugins for the native IPsec
524 stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel as well as a PFKEY interface for the KLIPS
525 IPsec stack (--enable-kernel-klips) are provided.
527 - Basic Mobile IPv6 support has been introduced, securing Binding Update
528 messages as well as tunneled traffic between Mobile Node and Home Agent.
529 The installpolicy=no option allows peaceful cooperation with a dominant
530 mip6d daemon and the new type=transport_proxy implements the special MIPv6
531 IPsec transport proxy mode where the IKEv2 daemon uses the Care-of-Address
532 but the IPsec SA is set up for the Home Adress.
534 - Implemented migration of Mobile IPv6 connections using the KMADDRESS
535 field contained in XFRM_MSG_MIGRATE messages sent by the mip6d daemon
536 via the Linux 2.6.28 (or appropriately patched) kernel.
542 - IKEv2 charon daemon supports authentication based on raw public keys
543 stored in the SQL database backend. The ipsec listpubkeys command
544 lists the available raw public keys via the stroke interface.
546 - Several MOBIKE improvements: Detect changes in NAT mappings in DPD exchanges,
547 handle events if kernel detects NAT mapping changes in UDP-encapsulated
548 ESP packets (requires kernel patch), reuse old addesses in MOBIKE updates as
549 long as possible and other fixes.
551 - Fixed a bug in addr_in_subnet() which caused insertion of wrong source
552 routes for destination subnets having netwmasks not being a multiple of 8 bits.
553 Thanks go to Wolfgang Steudel, TU Ilmenau for reporting this bug.
559 - Fixed a Denial-of-Service vulnerability where an IKE_SA_INIT message with
560 a KE payload containing zeroes only can cause a crash of the IKEv2 charon
561 daemon due to a NULL pointer returned by the mpz_export() function of the
562 GNU Multiprecision Library (GMP). Thanks go to Mu Dynamics Research Labs
563 for making us aware of this problem.
565 - The new agent plugin provides a private key implementation on top of an
568 - The NetworkManager plugin has been extended to support certificate client
569 authentication using RSA keys loaded from a file or using ssh-agent.
571 - Daemon capability dropping has been ported to libcap and must be enabled
572 explicitly --with-capabilities=libcap. Future version will support the
573 newer libcap2 library.
575 - ipsec listalgs lists the IKEv2 cryptografic algorithms registered with the
576 charon keying daemon.
582 - A NetworkManager plugin allows GUI-based configuration of road-warrior
583 clients in a simple way. It features X509 based gateway authentication
584 and EAP client authentication, tunnel setup/teardown and storing passwords
585 in the Gnome Keyring.
587 - A new EAP-GTC plugin implements draft-sheffer-ikev2-gtc-00.txt and allows
588 username/password authentication against any PAM service on the gateway.
589 The new EAP method interacts nicely with the NetworkManager plugin and allows
590 client authentication against e.g. LDAP.
592 - Improved support for the EAP-Identity method. The new ipsec.conf eap_identity
593 parameter defines an additional identity to pass to the server in EAP
596 - The "ipsec statusall" command now lists CA restrictions, EAP
597 authentication types and EAP identities.
599 - Fixed two multithreading deadlocks occurring when starting up
600 several hundred tunnels concurrently.
602 - Fixed the --enable-integrity-test configure option which
603 computes a SHA-1 checksum over the libstrongswan library.
609 - Consistent logging of IKE and CHILD SAs at the audit (AUD) level.
611 - Improved the performance of the SQL-based virtual IP address pool
612 by introducing an additional addresses table. The leases table
613 storing only history information has become optional and can be
614 disabled by setting charon.plugins.sql.lease_history = no in
617 - The XFRM_STATE_AF_UNSPEC flag added to xfrm.h allows IPv4-over-IPv6
618 and IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnels with the 2.6.26 and later Linux kernels.
620 - management of different virtual IP pools for different
621 network interfaces have become possible.
623 - fixed a bug which prevented the assignment of more than 256
624 virtual IP addresses from a pool managed by an sql database.
626 - fixed a bug which did not delete own IPCOMP SAs in the kernel.
632 - Added statistics functions to ipsec pool --status and ipsec pool --leases
633 and input validation checks to various ipsec pool commands.
635 - ipsec statusall now lists all loaded charon plugins and displays
636 the negotiated IKEv2 cipher suite proposals.
638 - The openssl plugin supports the elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman groups
639 19, 20, 21, 25, and 26.
641 - The openssl plugin supports ECDSA authentication using elliptic curve
644 - Fixed a bug in stroke which caused multiple charon threads to close
645 the file descriptors during packet transfers over the stroke socket.
647 - ESP sequence numbers are now migrated in IPsec SA updates handled by
648 MOBIKE. Works only with Linux kernels >= 2.6.17.
654 - Fixed the strongswan.conf path configuration problem that occurred when
655 --sysconfig was not set explicitly in ./configure.
657 - Fixed a number of minor bugs that where discovered during the 4th
658 IKEv2 interoperability workshop in San Antonio, TX.
664 - Plugins for libstrongswan and charon can optionally be loaded according
665 to a configuration in strongswan.conf. Most components provide a
666 "load = " option followed by a space separated list of plugins to load.
667 This allows e.g. the fallback from a hardware crypto accelerator to
668 to software-based crypto plugins.
670 - Charons SQL plugin has been extended by a virtual IP address pool.
671 Configurations with a rightsourceip=%poolname setting query a SQLite or
672 MySQL database for leases. The "ipsec pool" command helps in administrating
673 the pool database. See ipsec pool --help for the available options
675 - The Authenticated Encryption Algorithms AES-CCM-8/12/16 and AES-GCM-8/12/16
676 for ESP are now supported starting with the Linux 2.6.25 kernel. The
677 syntax is e.g. esp=aes128ccm12 or esp=aes256gcm16.
683 - Support for "Hash and URL" encoded certificate payloads has been implemented
684 in the IKEv2 daemon charon. Using the "certuribase" option of a CA section
685 allows to assign a base URL to all certificates issued by the specified CA.
686 The final URL is then built by concatenating that base and the hex encoded
687 SHA1 hash of the DER encoded certificate. Note that this feature is disabled
688 by default and must be enabled using the option "charon.hash_and_url".
690 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports the "uniqueids" option to close multiple
691 IKE_SAs with the same peer. The option value "keep" prefers existing
692 connection setups over new ones, where the value "replace" replaces existing
695 - The crypto factory in libstrongswan additionaly supports random number
696 generators, plugins may provide other sources of randomness. The default
697 plugin reads raw random data from /dev/(u)random.
699 - Extended the credential framework by a caching option to allow plugins
700 persistent caching of fetched credentials. The "cachecrl" option has been
703 - The new trustchain verification introduced in 4.2.0 has been parallelized.
704 Threads fetching CRL or OCSP information no longer block other threads.
706 - A new IKEv2 configuration attribute framework has been introduced allowing
707 plugins to provide virtual IP addresses, and in the future, other
708 configuration attribute services (e.g. DNS/WINS servers).
710 - The stroke plugin has been extended to provide virtual IP addresses from
711 a pool defined in ipsec.conf. The "rightsourceip" parameter now accepts
712 address pools in CIDR notation (e.g. 10.1.1.0/24). The parameter also accepts
713 the value "%poolname", where "poolname" identifies a pool provided by a
716 - Fixed compilation on uClibc and a couple of other minor bugs.
718 - Set DPD defaults in ipsec starter to dpd_delay=30s and dpd_timeout=150s.
720 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the ESP encryption algorithm CAMELLIA
721 with key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, as well as the authentication
722 algorithm AES_XCBC_MAC. Configuration example: esp=camellia192-aesxcbc.
728 - libstrongswan has been modularized to attach crypto algorithms,
729 credential implementations (keys, certificates) and fetchers dynamically
730 through plugins. Existing code has been ported to plugins:
731 - RSA/Diffie-Hellman implementation using the GNU Multi Precision library
732 - X509 certificate system supporting CRLs, OCSP and attribute certificates
733 - Multiple plugins providing crypto algorithms in software
734 - CURL and OpenLDAP fetcher
736 - libstrongswan gained a relational database API which uses pluggable database
737 providers. Plugins for MySQL and SQLite are available.
739 - The IKEv2 keying daemon charon is more extensible. Generic plugins may provide
740 connection configuration, credentials and EAP methods or control the daemon.
741 Existing code has been ported to plugins:
742 - EAP-AKA, EAP-SIM, EAP-MD5 and EAP-Identity
743 - stroke configuration, credential and control (compatible to pluto)
744 - XML bases management protocol to control and query the daemon
745 The following new plugins are available:
746 - An experimental SQL configuration, credential and logging plugin on
747 top of either MySQL or SQLite
748 - A unit testing plugin to run tests at daemon startup
750 - The authentication and credential framework in charon has been heavily
751 refactored to support modular credential providers, proper
752 CERTREQ/CERT payload exchanges and extensible authorization rules.
754 - The framework of strongSwan Manager has envolved to the web application
755 framework libfast (FastCGI Application Server w/ Templates) and is usable
756 by other applications.
762 - IKE rekeying in NAT situations did not inherit the NAT conditions
763 to the rekeyed IKE_SA so that the UDP encapsulation was lost with
764 the next CHILD_SA rekeying.
766 - Wrong type definition of the next_payload variable in id_payload.c
767 caused an INVALID_SYNTAX error on PowerPC platforms.
769 - Implemented IKEv2 EAP-SIM server and client test modules that use
770 triplets stored in a file. For details on the configuration see
771 the scenario 'ikev2/rw-eap-sim-rsa'.
777 - Fixed error in the ordering of the certinfo_t records in the ocsp cache that
778 caused multiple entries of the same serial number to be created.
780 - Implementation of a simple EAP-MD5 module which provides CHAP
781 authentication. This may be interesting in conjunction with certificate
782 based server authentication, as weak passwords can't be brute forced
783 (in contradiction to traditional IKEv2 PSK).
785 - A complete software based implementation of EAP-AKA, using algorithms
786 specified in 3GPP2 (S.S0055). This implementation does not use an USIM,
787 but reads the secrets from ipsec.secrets. Make sure to read eap_aka.h
790 - Support for vendor specific EAP methods using Expanded EAP types. The
791 interface to EAP modules has been slightly changed, so make sure to
792 check the changes if you're already rolling your own modules.
798 - The default _updown script now dynamically inserts and removes ip6tables
799 firewall rules if leftfirewall=yes is set in IPv6 connections. New IPv6
800 net-net and roadwarrior (PSK/RSA) scenarios for both IKEv1 and IKEV2 were
803 - Implemented RFC4478 repeated authentication to force EAP/Virtual-IP clients
804 to reestablish an IKE_SA within a given timeframe.
806 - strongSwan Manager supports configuration listing, initiation and termination
807 of IKE and CHILD_SAs.
809 - Fixes and improvements to multithreading code.
811 - IKEv2 plugins have been renamed to libcharon-* to avoid naming conflicts.
812 Make sure to remove the old plugins in $libexecdir/ipsec, otherwise they get
819 - Removed recursive pthread mutexes since uClibc doesn't support them.
825 - In NAT traversal situations and multiple queued Quick Modes,
826 those pending connections inserted by auto=start after the
827 port floating from 500 to 4500 were erronously deleted.
829 - Added a "forceencaps" connection parameter to enforce UDP encapsulation
830 to surmount restrictive firewalls. NAT detection payloads are faked to
831 simulate a NAT situation and trick the other peer into NAT mode (IKEv2 only).
833 - Preview of strongSwan Manager, a web based configuration and monitoring
834 application. It uses a new XML control interface to query the IKEv2 daemon
835 (see http://wiki.strongswan.org/wiki/Manager).
837 - Experimental SQLite configuration backend which will provide the configuration
838 interface for strongSwan Manager in future releases.
840 - Further improvements to MOBIKE support.
846 - Since some third party IKEv2 implementations run into
847 problems with strongSwan announcing MOBIKE capability per
848 default, MOBIKE can be disabled on a per-connection-basis
849 using the mobike=no option. Whereas mobike=no disables the
850 sending of the MOBIKE_SUPPORTED notification and the floating
851 to UDP port 4500 with the IKE_AUTH request even if no NAT
852 situation has been detected, strongSwan will still support
853 MOBIKE acting as a responder.
855 - the default ipsec routing table plus its corresponding priority
856 used for inserting source routes has been changed from 100 to 220.
857 It can be configured using the --with-ipsec-routing-table and
858 --with-ipsec-routing-table-prio options.
860 - the --enable-integrity-test configure option tests the
861 integrity of the libstrongswan crypto code during the charon
864 - the --disable-xauth-vid configure option disables the sending
865 of the XAUTH vendor ID. This can be used as a workaround when
866 interoperating with some Windows VPN clients that get into
867 trouble upon reception of an XAUTH VID without eXtended
868 AUTHentication having been configured.
870 - ipsec stroke now supports the rereadsecrets, rereadaacerts,
871 rereadacerts, and listacerts options.
877 - If a DNS lookup failure occurs when resolving right=%<FQDN>
878 or right=<FQDN> combined with rightallowany=yes then the
879 connection is not updated by ipsec starter thus preventing
880 the disruption of an active IPsec connection. Only if the DNS
881 lookup successfully returns with a changed IP address the
882 corresponding connection definition is updated.
884 - Routes installed by the keying daemons are now in a separate
885 routing table with the ID 100 to avoid conflicts with the main
886 table. Route lookup for IKEv2 traffic is done in userspace to ignore
887 routes installed for IPsec, as IKE traffic shouldn't get encapsulated.
893 - The pluto IKEv1 daemon now exhibits the same behaviour as its
894 IKEv2 companion charon by inserting an explicit route via the
895 _updown script only if a sourceip exists. This is admissible
896 since routing through the IPsec tunnel is handled automatically
897 by NETKEY's IPsec policies. As a consequence the left|rightnexthop
898 parameter is not required any more.
900 - The new IKEv1 parameter right|leftallowany parameters helps to handle
901 the case where both peers possess dynamic IP addresses that are
902 usually resolved using DynDNS or a similar service. The configuration
907 can be used by the initiator to start up a connection to a peer
908 by resolving peer.foo.bar into the currently allocated IP address.
909 Thanks to the rightallowany flag the connection behaves later on
914 so that the peer can rekey the connection as an initiator when his
915 IP address changes. An alternative notation is
919 which will implicitly set rightallowany=yes.
921 - ipsec starter now fails more gracefully in the presence of parsing
922 errors. Flawed ca and conn section are discarded and pluto is started
923 if non-fatal errors only were encountered. If right=%peer.foo.bar
924 cannot be resolved by DNS then right=%any will be used so that passive
925 connections as a responder are still possible.
927 - The new pkcs11initargs parameter that can be placed in the
928 setup config section of /etc/ipsec.conf allows the definition
929 of an argument string that is used with the PKCS#11 C_Initialize()
930 function. This non-standard feature is required by the NSS softoken
931 library. This patch was contributed by Robert Varga.
933 - Fixed a bug in ipsec starter introduced by strongswan-2.8.5
934 which caused a segmentation fault in the presence of unknown
935 or misspelt keywords in ipsec.conf. This bug fix was contributed
938 - Partial support for MOBIKE in IKEv2. The initiator acts on interface/
939 address configuration changes and updates IKE and IPsec SAs dynamically.
945 - IKEv2 peer configuration selection now can be based on a given
946 certification authority using the rightca= statement.
948 - IKEv2 authentication based on RSA signatures now can handle multiple
949 certificates issued for a given peer ID. This allows a smooth transition
950 in the case of a peer certificate renewal.
952 - IKEv2: Support for requesting a specific virtual IP using leftsourceip on the
953 client and returning requested virtual IPs using rightsourceip=%config
954 on the server. If the server does not support configuration payloads, the
955 client enforces its leftsourceip parameter.
957 - The ./configure options --with-uid/--with-gid allow pluto and charon
958 to drop their privileges to a minimum and change to an other UID/GID. This
959 improves the systems security, as a possible intruder may only get the
960 CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.
962 - Further modularization of charon: Pluggable control interface and
963 configuration backend modules provide extensibility. The control interface
964 for stroke is included, and further interfaces using DBUS (NetworkManager)
965 or XML are on the way. A backend for storing configurations in the daemon
966 is provided and more advanced backends (using e.g. a database) are trivial
969 - Fixed a compilation failure in libfreeswan occuring with Linux kernel
976 - Support for an additional Diffie-Hellman exchange when creating/rekeying
977 a CHILD_SA in IKEv2 (PFS). PFS is enabled when the proposal contains a
978 DH group (e.g. "esp=aes128-sha1-modp1536"). Further, DH group negotiation
979 is implemented properly for rekeying.
981 - Support for the AES-XCBC-96 MAC algorithm for IPsec SAs when using IKEv2
982 (requires linux >= 2.6.20). It is enabled using e.g. "esp=aes256-aesxcbc".
984 - Working IPv4-in-IPv6 and IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels for linux >= 2.6.21.
986 - Added support for EAP modules which do not establish an MSK.
988 - Removed the dependencies from the /usr/include/linux/ headers by
989 including xfrm.h, ipsec.h, and pfkeyv2.h in the distribution.
991 - crlNumber is now listed by ipsec listcrls
993 - The xauth_modules.verify_secret() function now passes the
1000 - Server side cookie support. If to may IKE_SAs are in CONNECTING state,
1001 cookies are enabled and protect against DoS attacks with faked source
1002 addresses. Number of IKE_SAs in CONNECTING state is also limited per
1003 peer address to avoid resource exhaustion. IKE_SA_INIT messages are
1004 compared to properly detect retransmissions and incoming retransmits are
1005 detected even if the IKE_SA is blocked (e.g. doing OCSP fetches).
1007 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports dynamic http- and ldap-based CRL
1008 fetching enabled by crlcheckinterval > 0 and caching fetched CRLs
1009 enabled by cachecrls=yes.
1011 - Added the configuration options --enable-nat-transport which enables
1012 the potentially insecure NAT traversal for IPsec transport mode and
1013 --disable-vendor-id which disables the sending of the strongSwan
1016 - Fixed a long-standing bug in the pluto IKEv1 daemon which caused
1017 a segmentation fault if a malformed payload was detected in the
1018 IKE MR2 message and pluto tried to send an encrypted notification
1021 - Added the NATT_IETF_02_N Vendor ID in order to support IKEv1 connections
1022 with Windows 2003 Server which uses a wrong VID hash.
1028 - Support of SHA2_384 hash function for protecting IKEv1
1029 negotiations and support of SHA2 signatures in X.509 certificates.
1031 - Fixed a serious bug in the computation of the SHA2-512 HMAC
1032 function. Introduced automatic self-test of all IKEv1 hash
1033 and hmac functions during pluto startup. Failure of a self-test
1034 currently issues a warning only but does not exit pluto [yet].
1036 - Support for SHA2-256/384/512 PRF and HMAC functions in IKEv2.
1038 - Full support of CA information sections. ipsec listcainfos
1039 now shows all collected crlDistributionPoints and OCSP
1042 - Support of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) for IKEv2.
1043 This feature requires the HTTP fetching capabilities of the libcurl
1044 library which must be enabled by setting the --enable-http configure
1047 - Refactored core of the IKEv2 message processing code, allowing better
1048 code reuse and separation.
1050 - Virtual IP support in IKEv2 using INTERNAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS configuration
1051 payload. Additionally, the INTERNAL_IP4/6_DNS attribute is interpreted
1052 by the requestor and installed in a resolv.conf file.
1054 - The IKEv2 daemon charon installs a route for each IPsec policy to use
1055 the correct source address even if an application does not explicitly
1058 - Integrated the EAP framework into charon which loads pluggable EAP library
1059 modules. The ipsec.conf parameter authby=eap initiates EAP authentication
1060 on the client side, while the "eap" parameter on the server side defines
1061 the EAP method to use for client authentication.
1062 A generic client side EAP-Identity module and an EAP-SIM authentication
1063 module using a third party card reader implementation are included.
1065 - Added client side support for cookies.
1067 - Integrated the fixes done at the IKEv2 interoperability bakeoff, including
1068 strict payload order, correct INVALID_KE_PAYLOAD rejection and other minor
1069 fixes to enhance interoperability with other implementations.
1075 - strongSwan now interoperates with the NCP Secure Entry Client,
1076 the Shrew Soft VPN Client, and the Cisco VPN client, doing both
1077 XAUTH and Mode Config.
1079 - UNITY attributes are now recognized and UNITY_BANNER is set
1080 to a default string.
1086 - IKEv1: Support for extended authentication (XAUTH) in combination
1087 with ISAKMP Main Mode RSA or PSK authentication. Both client and
1088 server side were implemented. Handling of user credentials can
1089 be done by a run-time loadable XAUTH module. By default user
1090 credentials are stored in ipsec.secrets.
1092 - IKEv2: Support for reauthentication when rekeying
1094 - IKEv2: Support for transport mode
1096 - fixed a lot of bugs related to byte order
1098 - various other bugfixes
1104 - IKEv1: Implementation of ModeConfig push mode via the new connection
1105 keyword modeconfig=push allows interoperability with Cisco VPN gateways.
1107 - IKEv1: The command ipsec statusall now shows "DPD active" for all
1108 ISAKMP SAs that are under active Dead Peer Detection control.
1110 - IKEv2: Charon's logging and debugging framework has been completely rewritten.
1111 Instead of logger, special printf() functions are used to directly
1112 print objects like hosts (%H) identifications (%D), certificates (%Q),
1113 etc. The number of debugging levels have been reduced to:
1115 0 (audit), 1 (control), 2 (controlmore), 3 (raw), 4 (private)
1117 The debugging levels can either be specified statically in ipsec.conf as
1120 charondebug="lib 1, cfg 3, net 2"
1122 or changed at runtime via stroke as
1124 ipsec stroke loglevel cfg 2
1130 - Implemented full support for IPv6-in-IPv6 tunnels.
1132 - Added configuration options for dead peer detection in IKEv2. dpd_action
1133 types "clear", "hold" and "restart" are supported. The dpd_timeout
1134 value is not used, as the normal retransmission policy applies to
1135 detect dead peers. The dpd_delay parameter enables sending of empty
1136 informational message to detect dead peers in case of inactivity.
1138 - Added support for preshared keys in IKEv2. PSK keys configured in
1139 ipsec.secrets are loaded. The authby parameter specifies the authentication
1140 method to authentificate ourself, the other peer may use PSK or RSA.
1142 - Changed retransmission policy to respect the keyingtries parameter.
1144 - Added private key decryption. PEM keys encrypted with AES-128/192/256
1145 or 3DES are supported.
1147 - Implemented DES/3DES algorithms in libstrongswan. 3DES can be used to
1148 encrypt IKE traffic.
1150 - Implemented SHA-256/384/512 in libstrongswan, allows usage of certificates
1151 signed with such a hash algorithm.
1153 - Added initial support for updown scripts. The actions up-host/client and
1154 down-host/client are executed. The leftfirewall=yes parameter
1155 uses the default updown script to insert dynamic firewall rules, a custom
1156 updown script may be specified with the leftupdown parameter.
1162 - Added support for the auto=route ipsec.conf parameter and the
1163 ipsec route/unroute commands for IKEv2. This allows to set up IKE_SAs and
1164 CHILD_SAs dynamically on demand when traffic is detected by the
1167 - Added support for rekeying IKE_SAs in IKEv2 using the ikelifetime parameter.
1168 As specified in IKEv2, no reauthentication is done (unlike in IKEv1), only
1169 new keys are generated using perfect forward secrecy. An optional flag
1170 which enforces reauthentication will be implemented later.
1172 - "sha" and "sha1" are now treated as synonyms in the ike= and esp=
1173 algorithm configuration statements.
1179 - Full X.509 certificate trust chain verification has been implemented.
1180 End entity certificates can be exchanged via CERT payloads. The current
1181 default is leftsendcert=always, since CERTREQ payloads are not supported
1182 yet. Optional CRLs must be imported locally into /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
1184 - Added support for leftprotoport/rightprotoport parameters in IKEv2. IKEv2
1185 would offer more possibilities for traffic selection, but the Linux kernel
1186 currently does not support it. That's why we stick with these simple
1187 ipsec.conf rules for now.
1189 - Added Dead Peer Detection (DPD) which checks liveliness of remote peer if no
1190 IKE or ESP traffic is received. DPD is currently hardcoded (dpdaction=clear,
1193 - Initial NAT traversal support in IKEv2. Charon includes NAT detection
1194 notify payloads to detect NAT routers between the peers. It switches
1195 to port 4500, uses UDP encapsulated ESP packets, handles peer address
1196 changes gracefully and sends keep alive message periodically.
1198 - Reimplemented IKE_SA state machine for charon, which allows simultaneous
1199 rekeying, more shared code, cleaner design, proper retransmission
1200 and a more extensible code base.
1202 - The mixed PSK/RSA roadwarrior detection capability introduced by the
1203 strongswan-2.7.0 release necessitated the pre-parsing of the IKE proposal
1204 payloads by the responder right before any defined IKE Main Mode state had
1205 been established. Although any form of bad proposal syntax was being correctly
1206 detected by the payload parser, the subsequent error handler didn't check
1207 the state pointer before logging current state information, causing an
1208 immediate crash of the pluto keying daemon due to a NULL pointer.
1214 - Added algorithm selection to charon: New default algorithms for
1215 ike=aes128-sha-modp2048, as both daemons support it. The default
1216 for IPsec SAs is now esp=aes128-sha,3des-md5. charon handles
1217 the ike/esp parameter the same way as pluto. As this syntax does
1218 not allow specification of a pseudo random function, the same
1219 algorithm as for integrity is used (currently sha/md5). Supported
1221 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256
1222 Integrity/PRF: md5, sha (using hmac)
1223 DH-Groups: modp768, 1024, 1536, 2048, 4096, 8192
1225 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256, 3des, blowfish128,
1226 blowfish192, blowfish256
1227 Integrity: md5, sha1
1228 More IKE encryption algorithms will come after porting libcrypto into
1231 - initial support for rekeying CHILD_SAs using IKEv2. Currently no
1232 perfect forward secrecy is used. The rekeying parameters rekey,
1233 rekeymargin, rekeyfuzz and keylife from ipsec.conf are now supported
1234 when using IKEv2. WARNING: charon currently is unable to handle
1235 simultaneous rekeying. To avoid such a situation, use a large
1236 rekeyfuzz, or even better, set rekey=no on one peer.
1238 - support for host2host, net2net, host2net (roadwarrior) tunnels
1239 using predefined RSA certificates (see uml scenarios for
1240 configuration examples).
1242 - new build environment featuring autotools. Features such
1243 as HTTP, LDAP and smartcard support may be enabled using
1244 the ./configure script. Changing install directories
1245 is possible, too. See ./configure --help for more details.
1247 - better integration of charon with ipsec starter, which allows
1248 (almost) transparent operation with both daemons. charon
1249 handles ipsec commands up, down, status, statusall, listall,
1250 listcerts and allows proper load, reload and delete of connections
1257 - initial support of the IKEv2 protocol. Connections in
1258 ipsec.conf designated by keyexchange=ikev2 are negotiated
1259 by the new IKEv2 charon keying daemon whereas those marked
1260 by keyexchange=ikev1 or the default keyexchange=ike are
1261 handled thy the IKEv1 pluto keying daemon. Currently only
1262 a limited subset of functions are available with IKEv2
1263 (Default AES encryption, authentication based on locally
1264 imported X.509 certificates, unencrypted private RSA keys
1265 in PKCS#1 file format, limited functionality of the ipsec
1272 - the dynamic iptables rules from the _updown_x509 template
1273 for KLIPS and the _updown_policy template for NETKEY have
1274 been merged into the default _updown script. The existing
1275 left|rightfirewall keyword causes the automatic insertion
1276 and deletion of ACCEPT rules for tunneled traffic upon
1277 the successful setup and teardown of an IPsec SA, respectively.
1278 left|rightfirwall can be used with KLIPS under any Linux 2.4
1279 kernel or with NETKEY under a Linux kernel version >= 2.6.16
1280 in conjuction with iptables >= 1.3.5. For NETKEY under a Linux
1281 kernel version < 2.6.16 which does not support IPsec policy
1282 matching yet, please continue to use a copy of the _updown_espmark
1283 template loaded via the left|rightupdown keyword.
1285 - a new left|righthostaccess keyword has been introduced which
1286 can be used in conjunction with left|rightfirewall and the
1287 default _updown script. By default leftfirewall=yes inserts
1288 a bi-directional iptables FORWARD rule for a local client network
1289 with a netmask different from 255.255.255.255 (single host).
1290 This does not allow to access the VPN gateway host via its
1291 internal network interface which is part of the client subnet
1292 because an iptables INPUT and OUTPUT rule would be required.
1293 lefthostaccess=yes will cause this additional ACCEPT rules to
1296 - mixed PSK|RSA roadwarriors are now supported. The ISAKMP proposal
1297 payload is preparsed in order to find out whether the roadwarrior
1298 requests PSK or RSA so that a matching connection candidate can
1305 - the new _updown_policy template allows ipsec policy based
1306 iptables firewall rules. Required are iptables version
1307 >= 1.3.5 and linux kernel >= 2.6.16. This script obsoletes
1308 the _updown_espmark template, so that no INPUT mangle rules
1309 are required any more.
1311 - added support of DPD restart mode
1313 - ipsec starter now allows the use of wildcards in include
1314 statements as e.g. in "include /etc/my_ipsec/*.conf".
1315 Patch courtesy of Matthias Haas.
1317 - the Netscape OID 'employeeNumber' is now recognized and can be
1318 used as a Relative Distinguished Name in certificates.
1324 - /etc/init.d/ipsec or /etc/rc.d/ipsec is now a copy of the ipsec
1325 command and not of ipsec setup any more.
1327 - ipsec starter now supports AH authentication in conjunction with
1328 ESP encryption. AH authentication is configured in ipsec.conf
1329 via the auth=ah parameter.
1331 - The command ipsec scencrypt|scdecrypt <args> is now an alias for
1332 ipsec whack --scencrypt|scdecrypt <args>.
1334 - get_sa_info() now determines for the native netkey IPsec stack
1335 the exact time of the last use of an active eroute. This information
1336 is used by the Dead Peer Detection algorithm and is also displayed by
1337 the ipsec status command.
1343 - running under the native Linux 2.6 IPsec stack, the function
1344 get_sa_info() is called by ipsec auto --status to display the current
1345 number of transmitted bytes per IPsec SA.
1347 - get_sa_info() is also used by the Dead Peer Detection process to detect
1348 recent ESP activity. If ESP traffic was received from the peer within
1349 the last dpd_delay interval then no R_Y_THERE notification must be sent.
1351 - strongSwan now supports the Relative Distinguished Name "unstructuredName"
1352 in ID_DER_ASN1_DN identities. The following notations are possible:
1354 rightid="unstructuredName=John Doe"
1355 rightid="UN=John Doe"
1357 - fixed a long-standing bug which caused PSK-based roadwarrior connections
1358 to segfault in the function id.c:same_id() called by keys.c:get_secret()
1359 if an FQDN, USER_FQDN, or Key ID was defined, as in the following example.
1366 - the ipsec command now supports most ipsec auto commands (e.g. ipsec listall).
1368 - ipsec starter didn't set host_addr and client.addr ports in whack msg.
1370 - in order to guarantee backwards-compatibility with the script-based
1371 auto function (e.g. auto --replace), the ipsec starter scripts stores
1372 the defaultroute information in the temporary file /var/run/ipsec.info.
1374 - The compile-time option USE_XAUTH_VID enables the sending of the XAUTH
1375 Vendor ID which is expected by Cisco PIX 7 boxes that act as IKE Mode Config
1378 - the ipsec starter now also recognizes the parameters authby=never and
1379 type=passthrough|pass|drop|reject.
1385 - ipsec starter now supports the also parameter which allows
1386 a modular structure of the connection definitions. Thus
1387 "ipsec start" is now ready to replace "ipsec setup".
1393 - Mathieu Lafon's popular ipsec starter tool has been added to the
1394 strongSwan distribution. Many thanks go to Stephan Scholz from astaro
1395 for his integration work. ipsec starter is a C program which is going
1396 to replace the various shell and awk starter scripts (setup, _plutoload,
1397 _plutostart, _realsetup, _startklips, _confread, and auto). Since
1398 ipsec.conf is now parsed only once, the starting of multiple tunnels is
1399 accelerated tremedously.
1401 - Added support of %defaultroute to the ipsec starter. If the IP address
1402 changes, a HUP signal to the ipsec starter will automatically
1403 reload pluto's connections.
1405 - moved most compile time configurations from pluto/Makefile to
1406 Makefile.inc by defining the options USE_LIBCURL, USE_LDAP,
1407 USE_SMARTCARD, and USE_NAT_TRAVERSAL_TRANSPORT_MODE.
1409 - removed the ipsec verify and ipsec newhostkey commands
1411 - fixed some 64-bit issues in formatted print statements
1413 - The scepclient functionality implementing the Simple Certificate
1414 Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is nearly complete but hasn't been
1421 - CA certicates are now automatically loaded from a smartcard
1422 or USB crypto token and appear in the ipsec auto --listcacerts
1429 - when using "ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>" with a PKCS#11
1430 library that does not support the C_Encrypt() Cryptoki
1431 function (e.g. OpenSC), the RSA encryption is done in
1432 software using the public key fetched from the smartcard.
1434 - The scepclient function now allows to define the
1435 validity of a self-signed certificate using the --days,
1436 --startdate, and --enddate options. The default validity
1437 has been changed from one year to five years.
1443 - the config setup parameter pkcs11proxy=yes opens pluto's PKCS#11
1444 interface to other applications for RSA encryption and decryption
1445 via the whack interface. Notation:
1447 ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>
1448 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1449 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1452 ipsec whack --scdecrypt <data>
1453 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1454 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1457 The default setting for inbase and outbase is hex.
1459 The new proxy interface can be used for securing symmetric
1460 encryption keys required by the cryptoloop or dm-crypt
1461 disk encryption schemes, especially in the case when
1462 pkcs11keepstate=yes causes pluto to lock the pkcs11 slot
1465 - if the file /etc/ipsec.secrets is lacking during the startup of
1466 pluto then the root-readable file /etc/ipsec.d/private/myKey.der
1467 containing a 2048 bit RSA private key and a matching self-signed
1468 certificate stored in the file /etc/ipsec.d/certs/selfCert.der
1469 is automatically generated by calling the function
1471 ipsec scepclient --out pkcs1 --out cert-self
1473 scepclient was written by Jan Hutter and Martin Willi, students
1474 at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil, Switzerland.
1480 - the current extension of the PKCS#7 framework introduced
1481 a parsing error in PKCS#7 wrapped X.509 certificates that are
1482 e.g. transmitted by Windows XP when multi-level CAs are used.
1483 the parsing syntax has been fixed.
1485 - added a patch by Gerald Richter which tolerates multiple occurrences
1486 of the ipsec0 interface when using KLIPS.
1492 - with gawk-3.1.4 the word "default2 has become a protected
1493 keyword for use in switch statements and cannot be used any
1494 more in the strongSwan scripts. This problem has been
1495 solved by renaming "default" to "defaults" and "setdefault"
1496 in the scripts _confread and auto, respectively.
1498 - introduced the parameter leftsendcert with the values
1500 always|yes (the default, always send a cert)
1501 ifasked (send the cert only upon a cert request)
1502 never|no (never send a cert, used for raw RSA keys and
1505 - fixed the initialization of the ESP key length to a default of
1506 128 bits in the case that the peer does not send a key length
1507 attribute for AES encryption.
1509 - applied Herbert Xu's uniqueIDs patch
1511 - applied Herbert Xu's CLOEXEC patches
1517 - CRLs can now be cached also in the case when the issuer's
1518 certificate does not contain a subjectKeyIdentifier field.
1519 In that case the subjectKeyIdentifier is computed by pluto as the
1520 160 bit SHA-1 hash of the issuer's public key in compliance
1521 with section 4.2.1.2 of RFC 3280.
1523 - Fixed a bug introduced by strongswan-2.5.1 which eliminated
1524 not only multiple Quick Modes of a given connection but also
1525 multiple connections between two security gateways.
1531 - Under the native IPsec of the Linux 2.6 kernel, a %trap eroute
1532 installed either by setting auto=route in ipsec.conf or by
1533 a connection put into hold, generates an XFRM_AQUIRE event
1534 for each packet that wants to use the not-yet exisiting
1535 tunnel. Up to now each XFRM_AQUIRE event led to an entry in
1536 the Quick Mode queue, causing multiple IPsec SA to be
1537 established in rapid succession. Starting with strongswan-2.5.1
1538 only a single IPsec SA is established per host-pair connection.
1540 - Right after loading the PKCS#11 module, all smartcard slots are
1541 searched for certificates. The result can be viewed using
1544 ipsec auto --listcards
1546 The certificate objects found in the slots are numbered
1547 starting with #1, #2, etc. This position number can be used to address
1548 certificates (leftcert=%smartcard) and keys (: PIN %smartcard)
1549 in ipsec.conf and ipsec.secrets, respectively:
1551 %smartcard (selects object #1)
1552 %smartcard#1 (selects object #1)
1553 %smartcard#3 (selects object #3)
1555 As an alternative the existing retrieval scheme can be used:
1557 %smartcard:45 (selects object with id=45)
1558 %smartcard0 (selects first object in slot 0)
1559 %smartcard4:45 (selects object in slot 4 with id=45)
1561 - Depending on the settings of CKA_SIGN and CKA_DECRYPT
1562 private key flags either C_Sign() or C_Decrypt() is used
1563 to generate a signature.
1565 - The output buffer length parameter siglen in C_Sign()
1566 is now initialized to the actual size of the output
1567 buffer prior to the function call. This fixes the
1568 CKR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL error that could occur when using
1569 the OpenSC PKCS#11 module.
1571 - Changed the initialization of the PKCS#11 CK_MECHANISM in
1572 C_SignInit() to mech = { CKM_RSA_PKCS, NULL_PTR, 0 }.
1574 - Refactored the RSA public/private key code and transferred it
1575 from keys.c to the new pkcs1.c file as a preparatory step
1576 towards the release of the SCEP client.
1582 - The loading of a PKCS#11 smartcard library module during
1583 runtime does not require OpenSC library functions any more
1584 because the corresponding code has been integrated into
1585 smartcard.c. Also the RSAREF pkcs11 header files have been
1586 included in a newly created pluto/rsaref directory so that
1587 no external include path has to be defined any longer.
1589 - A long-awaited feature has been implemented at last:
1590 The local caching of CRLs fetched via HTTP or LDAP, activated
1591 by the parameter cachecrls=yes in the config setup section
1592 of ipsec.conf. The dynamically fetched CRLs are stored under
1593 a unique file name containing the issuer's subjectKeyID
1594 in /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
1596 - Applied a one-line patch courtesy of Michael Richardson
1597 from the Openswan project which fixes the kernel-oops
1598 in KLIPS when an snmp daemon is running on the same box.
1604 - Eliminated null length CRL distribution point strings.
1606 - Fixed a trust path evaluation bug introduced with 2.4.3
1612 - Improved the joint OCSP / CRL revocation policy.
1613 OCSP responses have precedence over CRL entries.
1615 - Introduced support of CRLv2 reason codes.
1617 - Fixed a bug with key-pad equipped readers which caused
1618 pluto to prompt for the pin via the console when the first
1619 occasion to enter the pin via the key-pad was missed.
1621 - When pluto is built with LDAP_V3 enabled, the library
1622 liblber required by newer versions of openldap is now
1629 - Added the _updown_espmark template which requires all
1630 incoming ESP traffic to be marked with a default mark
1633 - Introduced the pkcs11keepstate parameter in the config setup
1634 section of ipsec.conf. With pkcs11keepstate=yes the PKCS#11
1635 session and login states are kept as long as possible during
1636 the lifetime of pluto. This means that a PIN entry via a key
1637 pad has to be done only once.
1639 - Introduced the pkcs11module parameter in the config setup
1640 section of ipsec.conf which specifies the PKCS#11 module
1641 to be used with smart cards. Example:
1643 pkcs11module=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.lo
1645 - Added support of smartcard readers equipped with a PIN pad.
1647 - Added patch by Jay Pfeifer which detects when netkey
1648 modules have been statically built into the Linux 2.6 kernel.
1650 - Added two patches by Herbert Xu. The first uses ip xfrm
1651 instead of setkey to flush the IPsec policy database. The
1652 second sets the optional flag in inbound IPComp SAs only.
1654 - Applied Ulrich Weber's patch which fixes an interoperability
1655 problem between native IPsec and KLIPS systems caused by
1656 setting the replay window to 32 instead of 0 for ipcomp.
1662 - Fixed a bug which caused an unwanted Mode Config request
1663 to be initiated in the case where "right" was used to denote
1664 the local side in ipsec.conf and "left" the remote side,
1665 contrary to the recommendation that "right" be remote and
1672 - updated Vendor ID to strongSwan-2.4.0
1674 - updated copyright statement to include David Buechi and
1681 - strongSwan now communicates with attached smartcards and
1682 USB crypto tokens via the standardized PKCS #11 interface.
1683 By default the OpenSC library from www.opensc.org is used
1684 but any other PKCS#11 library could be dynamically linked.
1685 strongSwan's PKCS#11 API was implemented by David Buechi
1686 and Michael Meier, both graduates of the Zurich University
1687 of Applied Sciences in Winterthur, Switzerland.
1689 - When a %trap eroute is triggered by an outgoing IP packet
1690 then the native IPsec stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel [often/
1691 always?] returns an XFRM_ACQUIRE message with an undefined
1692 protocol family field and the connection setup fails.
1693 As a workaround IPv4 (AF_INET) is now assumed.
1695 - the results of the UML test scenarios are now enhanced
1696 with block diagrams of the virtual network topology used
1697 in a particular test.
1703 - fixed IV used to decrypt informational messages.
1704 This bug was introduced with Mode Config functionality.
1706 - fixed NCP Vendor ID.
1708 - undid one of Ulrich Weber's maximum udp size patches
1709 because it caused a segmentation fault with NAT-ed
1712 - added UML scenarios wildcards and attr-cert which
1713 demonstrate the implementation of IPsec policies based
1714 on wildcard parameters contained in Distinguished Names and
1715 on X.509 attribute certificates, respectively.
1721 - Added basic Mode Config functionality
1723 - Added Mathieu Lafon's patch which upgrades the status of
1724 the NAT-Traversal implementation to RFC 3947.
1726 - The _startklips script now also loads the xfrm4_tunnel
1729 - Added Ulrich Weber's netlink replay window size and
1730 maximum udp size patches.
1732 - UML testing now uses the Linux 2.6.10 UML kernel by default.
1738 - Eric Marchionni and Patrik Rayo, both recent graduates from
1739 the Zuercher Hochschule Winterthur in Switzerland, created a
1740 User-Mode-Linux test setup for strongSwan. For more details
1741 please read the INSTALL and README documents in the testing
1744 - Full support of group attributes based on X.509 attribute
1745 certificates. Attribute certificates can be generated
1746 using the openac facility. For more details see
1750 The group attributes can be used in connection definitions
1751 in order to give IPsec access to specific user groups.
1752 This is done with the new parameter left|rightgroups as in
1754 rightgroups="Research, Sales"
1756 giving access to users possessing the group attributes
1757 Research or Sales, only.
1759 - In Quick Mode clients with subnet mask /32 are now
1760 coded as IP_V4_ADDRESS or IP_V6_ADDRESS. This should
1761 fix rekeying problems with the SafeNet/SoftRemote and NCP
1762 Secure Entry Clients.
1764 - Changed the defaults of the ikelifetime and keylife parameters
1765 to 3h and 1h, respectively. The maximum allowable values are
1766 now both set to 24 h.
1768 - Suppressed notification wars between two IPsec peers that
1769 could e.g. be triggered by incorrect ISAKMP encryption.
1771 - Public RSA keys can now have identical IDs if either the
1772 issuing CA or the serial number is different. The serial
1773 number of a certificate is now shown by the command
1775 ipsec auto --listpubkeys
1781 - Added Tuomo Soini's sourceip feature which allows a strongSwan
1782 roadwarrior to use a fixed Virtual IP (see README section 2.6)
1783 and reduces the well-known four tunnel case on VPN gateways to
1784 a single tunnel definition (see README section 2.4).
1786 - Fixed a bug occuring with NAT-Traversal enabled when the responder
1787 suddenly turns initiator and the initiator cannot find a matching
1788 connection because of the floated IKE port 4500.
1790 - Removed misleading ipsec verify command from barf.
1792 - Running under the native IP stack, ipsec --version now shows
1793 the Linux kernel version (courtesy to the Openswan project).
1799 - Introduced the ipsec auto --listalgs monitoring command which lists
1800 all currently registered IKE and ESP algorithms.
1802 - Fixed a bug in the ESP algorithm selection occuring when the strict flag
1803 is set and the first proposed transform does not match.
1805 - Fixed another deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex,
1806 occuring when a smartcard is present.
1808 - Prevented that a superseded Phase1 state can trigger a DPD_TIMEOUT event.
1810 - Fixed the printing of the notification names (null)
1812 - Applied another of Herbert Xu's Netlink patches.
1818 - Support of Dead Peer Detection. The connection parameter
1820 dpdaction=clear|hold
1822 activates DPD for the given connection.
1824 - The default Opportunistic Encryption (OE) policy groups are not
1825 automatically included anymore. Those wishing to activate OE can include
1826 the policy group with the following statement in ipsec.conf:
1828 include /etc/ipsec.d/examples/oe.conf
1830 The default for [right|left]rsasigkey is now set to %cert.
1832 - strongSwan now has a Vendor ID of its own which can be activated
1833 using the compile option VENDORID
1835 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch which sets the compression algorithm correctly.
1837 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch fixing an ESPINUDP problem
1839 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch setting source/destination port numbers.
1841 - Reapplied one of Herbert Xu's NAT-Traversal patches which got
1842 lost during the migration from SuperFreeS/WAN.
1844 - Fixed a deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex.
1846 - Fixed the unsharing of alg parameters when instantiating group
1853 - Thomas Walpuski made me aware of a potential DoS attack via
1854 a PKCS#7-wrapped certificate bundle which could overwrite valid CA
1855 certificates in Pluto's authority certificate store. This vulnerability
1856 was fixed by establishing trust in CA candidate certificates up to a
1857 trusted root CA prior to insertion into Pluto's chained list.
1859 - replaced the --assign option by the -v option in the auto awk script
1860 in order to make it run with mawk under debian/woody.
1866 - Split of the status information between ipsec auto --status (concise)
1867 and ipsec auto --statusall (verbose). Both commands can be used with
1868 an optional connection selector:
1870 ipsec auto --status[all] <connection_name>
1872 - Added the description of X.509 related features to the ipsec_auto(8)
1875 - Hardened the ASN.1 parser in debug mode, especially the printing
1876 of malformed distinguished names.
1878 - The size of an RSA public key received in a certificate is now restricted to
1880 512 bits <= modulus length <= 8192 bits.
1882 - Fixed the debug mode enumeration.
1888 - Fixed another PKCS#7 vulnerability which could lead to an
1889 endless loop while following the X.509 trust chain.
1895 - Fixed the PKCS#7 vulnerability discovered by Thomas Walpuski
1896 that accepted end certificates having identical issuer and subject
1897 distinguished names in a multi-tier X.509 trust chain.
1903 - Removed all remaining references to ipsec_netlink.h in KLIPS.
1909 - The new "ca" section allows to define the following parameters:
1912 cacert=koolCA.pem # cacert of kool CA
1913 ocspuri=http://ocsp.kool.net:8001 # ocsp server
1914 ldapserver=ldap.kool.net # default ldap server
1915 crluri=http://www.kool.net/kool.crl # crl distribution point
1916 crluri2="ldap:///O=Kool, C= .." # crl distribution point #2
1917 auto=add # add, ignore
1919 The ca definitions can be monitored via the command
1921 ipsec auto --listcainfos
1923 - Fixed cosmetic corruption of /proc filesystem by integrating
1924 D. Hugh Redelmeier's freeswan-2.06 kernel fixes.
1930 - Added support for the 818043 NAT-Traversal update of Microsoft's
1931 Windows 2000/XP IPsec client which sends an ID_FQDN during Quick Mode.
1933 - A symbolic link to libcrypto is now added in the kernel sources
1934 during kernel compilation
1936 - Fixed a couple of 64 bit issues (mostly casts to int).
1937 Thanks to Ken Bantoft who checked my sources on a 64 bit platform.
1939 - Replaced s[n]printf() statements in the kernel by ipsec_snprintf().
1940 Credits go to D. Hugh Redelmeier, Michael Richardson, and Sam Sgro
1941 of the FreeS/WAN team who solved this problem with the 2.4.25 kernel.
1947 - an empty ASN.1 SEQUENCE OF or SET OF object (e.g. a subjectAltName
1948 certificate extension which contains no generalName item) can cause
1949 a pluto crash. This bug has been fixed. Additionally the ASN.1 parser has
1950 been hardened to make it more robust against malformed ASN.1 objects.
1952 - applied Herbert Xu's NAT-T patches which fixes NAT-T under the native
1953 Linux 2.6 IPsec stack.
1959 - based on freeswan-2.04, x509-1.5.3, nat-0.6c, alg-0.8.1rc12
projects / strongswan.git / blob