4 - Fixed a Denial-of-Service vulnerability where an IKE_SA_INIT message with
5 a KE payload containing zeroes only can cause a crash of the IKEv2 charon
6 daemon due to a NULL pointer returned by the mpz_export() function of the
7 GNU Multiprecision Library (GMP). Thanks go to Mu Dynamics Research Labs
8 for making us aware of this problem.
10 - The new agent plugin provides a private key implementation on top of an
13 - The NetworkManager plugin has been extended to support certificate client
14 authentication using RSA keys loaded from a file or using ssh-agent.
16 - Daemon capability dropping has been ported to libcap and must be enabled
17 explicitly --with-capabilities=libcap. Future version will support the
18 newer libcap2 library.
20 - ipsec listalgs lists the IKEv2 cryptografic algorithms registered with the
27 - A NetworkManager plugin allows GUI-based configuration of road-warrior
28 clients in a simple way. It features X509 based gateway authentication
29 and EAP client authentication, tunnel setup/teardown and storing passwords
32 - A new EAP-GTC plugin implements draft-sheffer-ikev2-gtc-00.txt and allows
33 username/password authentication against any PAM service on the gateway.
34 The new EAP method interacts nicely with the NetworkManager plugin and allows
35 client authentication against e.g. LDAP.
37 - Improved support for the EAP-Identity method. The new ipsec.conf eap_identity
38 parameter defines an additional identity to pass to the server in EAP
41 - The "ipsec statusall" command now lists CA restrictions, EAP
42 authentication types and EAP identities.
44 - Fixed two multithreading deadlocks occurring when starting up
45 several hundred tunnels concurrently.
47 - Fixed the --enable-integrity-test configure option which
48 computes a SHA-1 checksum over the libstrongswan library.
54 - Consistent logging of IKE and CHILD SAs at the audit (AUD) level.
56 - Improved the performance of the SQL-based virtual IP address pool
57 by introducing an additional addresses table. The leases table
58 storing only history information has become optional and can be
59 disabled by setting charon.plugins.sql.lease_history = no in
62 - The XFRM_STATE_AF_UNSPEC flag added to xfrm.h allows IPv4-over-IPv6
63 and IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnels with the 2.6.26 and later Linux kernels.
65 - management of different virtual IP pools for different
66 network interfaces have become possible.
68 - fixed a bug which prevented the assignment of more than 256
69 virtual IP addresses from a pool managed by an sql database.
71 - fixed a bug which did not delete own IPCOMP SAs in the kernel.
77 - Added statistics functions to ipsec pool --status and ipsec pool --leases
78 and input validation checks to various ipsec pool commands.
80 - ipsec statusall now lists all loaded charon plugins and displays
81 the negotiated IKEv2 cipher suite proposals.
83 - The openssl plugin supports the elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman groups
84 19, 20, 21, 25, and 26.
86 - The openssl plugin supports ECDSA authentication using elliptic curve
89 - Fixed a bug in stroke which caused multiple charon threads to close
90 the file descriptors during packet transfers over the stroke socket.
92 - ESP sequence numbers are now migrated in IPsec SA updates handled by
93 MOBIKE. Works only with Linux kernels >= 2.6.17.
99 - Fixed the strongswan.conf path configuration problem that occurred when
100 --sysconfig was not set explicitly in ./configure.
102 - Fixed a number of minor bugs that where discovered during the 4th
103 IKEv2 interoperability workshop in San Antonio, TX.
109 - Plugins for libstrongswan and charon can optionally be loaded according
110 to a configuration in strongswan.conf. Most components provide a
111 "load = " option followed by a space separated list of plugins to load.
112 This allows e.g. the fallback from a hardware crypto accelerator to
113 to software-based crypto plugins.
115 - Charons SQL plugin has been extended by a virtual IP address pool.
116 Configurations with a rightsourceip=%poolname setting query a SQLite or
117 MySQL database for leases. The "ipsec pool" command helps in administrating
118 the pool database. See ipsec pool --help for the available options
120 - The Authenticated Encryption Algorithms AES-CCM-8/12/16 and AES-GCM-8/12/16
121 for ESP are now supported starting with the Linux 2.6.25 kernel. The
122 syntax is e.g. esp=aes128ccm12 or esp=aes256gcm16.
128 - Support for "Hash and URL" encoded certificate payloads has been implemented
129 in the IKEv2 daemon charon. Using the "certuribase" option of a CA section
130 allows to assign a base URL to all certificates issued by the specified CA.
131 The final URL is then built by concatenating that base and the hex encoded
132 SHA1 hash of the DER encoded certificate. Note that this feature is disabled
133 by default and must be enabled using the option "charon.hash_and_url".
135 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports the "uniqueids" option to close multiple
136 IKE_SAs with the same peer. The option value "keep" prefers existing
137 connection setups over new ones, where the value "replace" replaces existing
140 - The crypto factory in libstrongswan additionaly supports random number
141 generators, plugins may provide other sources of randomness. The default
142 plugin reads raw random data from /dev/(u)random.
144 - Extended the credential framework by a caching option to allow plugins
145 persistent caching of fetched credentials. The "cachecrl" option has been
148 - The new trustchain verification introduced in 4.2.0 has been parallelized.
149 Threads fetching CRL or OCSP information no longer block other threads.
151 - A new IKEv2 configuration attribute framework has been introduced allowing
152 plugins to provide virtual IP addresses, and in the future, other
153 configuration attribute services (e.g. DNS/WINS servers).
155 - The stroke plugin has been extended to provide virtual IP addresses from
156 a pool defined in ipsec.conf. The "rightsourceip" parameter now accepts
157 address pools in CIDR notation (e.g. 10.1.1.0/24). The parameter also accepts
158 the value "%poolname", where "poolname" identifies a pool provided by a
161 - Fixed compilation on uClibc and a couple of other minor bugs.
163 - Set DPD defaults in ipsec starter to dpd_delay=30s and dpd_timeout=150s.
165 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the ESP encryption algorithm CAMELLIA
166 with key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, as well as the authentication
167 algorithm AES_XCBC_MAC. Configuration example: esp=camellia192-aesxcbc.
173 - libstrongswan has been modularized to attach crypto algorithms,
174 credential implementations (keys, certificates) and fetchers dynamically
175 through plugins. Existing code has been ported to plugins:
176 - RSA/Diffie-Hellman implementation using the GNU Multi Precision library
177 - X509 certificate system supporting CRLs, OCSP and attribute certificates
178 - Multiple plugins providing crypto algorithms in software
179 - CURL and OpenLDAP fetcher
181 - libstrongswan gained a relational database API which uses pluggable database
182 providers. Plugins for MySQL and SQLite are available.
184 - The IKEv2 keying daemon charon is more extensible. Generic plugins may provide
185 connection configuration, credentials and EAP methods or control the daemon.
186 Existing code has been ported to plugins:
187 - EAP-AKA, EAP-SIM, EAP-MD5 and EAP-Identity
188 - stroke configuration, credential and control (compatible to pluto)
189 - XML bases management protocol to control and query the daemon
190 The following new plugins are available:
191 - An experimental SQL configuration, credential and logging plugin on
192 top of either MySQL or SQLite
193 - A unit testing plugin to run tests at daemon startup
195 - The authentication and credential framework in charon has been heavily
196 refactored to support modular credential providers, proper
197 CERTREQ/CERT payload exchanges and extensible authorization rules.
199 - The framework of strongSwan Manager has envolved to the web application
200 framework libfast (FastCGI Application Server w/ Templates) and is usable
201 by other applications.
207 - IKE rekeying in NAT situations did not inherit the NAT conditions
208 to the rekeyed IKE_SA so that the UDP encapsulation was lost with
209 the next CHILD_SA rekeying.
211 - Wrong type definition of the next_payload variable in id_payload.c
212 caused an INVALID_SYNTAX error on PowerPC platforms.
214 - Implemented IKEv2 EAP-SIM server and client test modules that use
215 triplets stored in a file. For details on the configuration see
216 the scenario 'ikev2/rw-eap-sim-rsa'.
222 - Fixed error in the ordering of the certinfo_t records in the ocsp cache that
223 caused multiple entries of the same serial number to be created.
225 - Implementation of a simple EAP-MD5 module which provides CHAP
226 authentication. This may be interesting in conjunction with certificate
227 based server authentication, as weak passwords can't be brute forced
228 (in contradiction to traditional IKEv2 PSK).
230 - A complete software based implementation of EAP-AKA, using algorithms
231 specified in 3GPP2 (S.S0055). This implementation does not use an USIM,
232 but reads the secrets from ipsec.secrets. Make sure to read eap_aka.h
235 - Support for vendor specific EAP methods using Expanded EAP types. The
236 interface to EAP modules has been slightly changed, so make sure to
237 check the changes if you're already rolling your own modules.
243 - The default _updown script now dynamically inserts and removes ip6tables
244 firewall rules if leftfirewall=yes is set in IPv6 connections. New IPv6
245 net-net and roadwarrior (PSK/RSA) scenarios for both IKEv1 and IKEV2 were
248 - Implemented RFC4478 repeated authentication to force EAP/Virtual-IP clients
249 to reestablish an IKE_SA within a given timeframe.
251 - strongSwan Manager supports configuration listing, initiation and termination
252 of IKE and CHILD_SAs.
254 - Fixes and improvements to multithreading code.
256 - IKEv2 plugins have been renamed to libcharon-* to avoid naming conflicts.
257 Make sure to remove the old plugins in $libexecdir/ipsec, otherwise they get
264 - Removed recursive pthread mutexes since uClibc doesn't support them.
270 - In NAT traversal situations and multiple queued Quick Modes,
271 those pending connections inserted by auto=start after the
272 port floating from 500 to 4500 were erronously deleted.
274 - Added a "forceencaps" connection parameter to enforce UDP encapsulation
275 to surmount restrictive firewalls. NAT detection payloads are faked to
276 simulate a NAT situation and trick the other peer into NAT mode (IKEv2 only).
278 - Preview of strongSwan Manager, a web based configuration and monitoring
279 application. It uses a new XML control interface to query the IKEv2 daemon
280 (see http://trac.strongswan.org/wiki/Manager).
282 - Experimental SQLite configuration backend which will provide the configuration
283 interface for strongSwan Manager in future releases.
285 - Further improvements to MOBIKE support.
291 - Since some third party IKEv2 implementations run into
292 problems with strongSwan announcing MOBIKE capability per
293 default, MOBIKE can be disabled on a per-connection-basis
294 using the mobike=no option. Whereas mobike=no disables the
295 sending of the MOBIKE_SUPPORTED notification and the floating
296 to UDP port 4500 with the IKE_AUTH request even if no NAT
297 situation has been detected, strongSwan will still support
298 MOBIKE acting as a responder.
300 - the default ipsec routing table plus its corresponding priority
301 used for inserting source routes has been changed from 100 to 220.
302 It can be configured using the --with-ipsec-routing-table and
303 --with-ipsec-routing-table-prio options.
305 - the --enable-integrity-test configure option tests the
306 integrity of the libstrongswan crypto code during the charon
309 - the --disable-xauth-vid configure option disables the sending
310 of the XAUTH vendor ID. This can be used as a workaround when
311 interoperating with some Windows VPN clients that get into
312 trouble upon reception of an XAUTH VID without eXtended
313 AUTHentication having been configured.
315 - ipsec stroke now supports the rereadsecrets, rereadaacerts,
316 rereadacerts, and listacerts options.
322 - If a DNS lookup failure occurs when resolving right=%<FQDN>
323 or right=<FQDN> combined with rightallowany=yes then the
324 connection is not updated by ipsec starter thus preventing
325 the disruption of an active IPsec connection. Only if the DNS
326 lookup successfully returns with a changed IP address the
327 corresponding connection definition is updated.
329 - Routes installed by the keying daemons are now in a separate
330 routing table with the ID 100 to avoid conflicts with the main
331 table. Route lookup for IKEv2 traffic is done in userspace to ignore
332 routes installed for IPsec, as IKE traffic shouldn't get encapsulated.
338 - The pluto IKEv1 daemon now exhibits the same behaviour as its
339 IKEv2 companion charon by inserting an explicit route via the
340 _updown script only if a sourceip exists. This is admissible
341 since routing through the IPsec tunnel is handled automatically
342 by NETKEY's IPsec policies. As a consequence the left|rightnexthop
343 parameter is not required any more.
345 - The new IKEv1 parameter right|leftallowany parameters helps to handle
346 the case where both peers possess dynamic IP addresses that are
347 usually resolved using DynDNS or a similar service. The configuration
352 can be used by the initiator to start up a connection to a peer
353 by resolving peer.foo.bar into the currently allocated IP address.
354 Thanks to the rightallowany flag the connection behaves later on
359 so that the peer can rekey the connection as an initiator when his
360 IP address changes. An alternative notation is
364 which will implicitly set rightallowany=yes.
366 - ipsec starter now fails more gracefully in the presence of parsing
367 errors. Flawed ca and conn section are discarded and pluto is started
368 if non-fatal errors only were encountered. If right=%peer.foo.bar
369 cannot be resolved by DNS then right=%any will be used so that passive
370 connections as a responder are still possible.
372 - The new pkcs11initargs parameter that can be placed in the
373 setup config section of /etc/ipsec.conf allows the definition
374 of an argument string that is used with the PKCS#11 C_Initialize()
375 function. This non-standard feature is required by the NSS softoken
376 library. This patch was contributed by Robert Varga.
378 - Fixed a bug in ipsec starter introduced by strongswan-2.8.5
379 which caused a segmentation fault in the presence of unknown
380 or misspelt keywords in ipsec.conf. This bug fix was contributed
383 - Partial support for MOBIKE in IKEv2. The initiator acts on interface/
384 address configuration changes and updates IKE and IPsec SAs dynamically.
390 - IKEv2 peer configuration selection now can be based on a given
391 certification authority using the rightca= statement.
393 - IKEv2 authentication based on RSA signatures now can handle multiple
394 certificates issued for a given peer ID. This allows a smooth transition
395 in the case of a peer certificate renewal.
397 - IKEv2: Support for requesting a specific virtual IP using leftsourceip on the
398 client and returning requested virtual IPs using rightsourceip=%config
399 on the server. If the server does not support configuration payloads, the
400 client enforces its leftsourceip parameter.
402 - The ./configure options --with-uid/--with-gid allow pluto and charon
403 to drop their privileges to a minimum and change to an other UID/GID. This
404 improves the systems security, as a possible intruder may only get the
405 CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.
407 - Further modularization of charon: Pluggable control interface and
408 configuration backend modules provide extensibility. The control interface
409 for stroke is included, and further interfaces using DBUS (NetworkManager)
410 or XML are on the way. A backend for storing configurations in the daemon
411 is provided and more advanced backends (using e.g. a database) are trivial
414 - Fixed a compilation failure in libfreeswan occuring with Linux kernel
421 - Support for an additional Diffie-Hellman exchange when creating/rekeying
422 a CHILD_SA in IKEv2 (PFS). PFS is enabled when the proposal contains a
423 DH group (e.g. "esp=aes128-sha1-modp1536"). Further, DH group negotiation
424 is implemented properly for rekeying.
426 - Support for the AES-XCBC-96 MAC algorithm for IPsec SAs when using IKEv2
427 (requires linux >= 2.6.20). It is enabled using e.g. "esp=aes256-aesxcbc".
429 - Working IPv4-in-IPv6 and IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels for linux >= 2.6.21.
431 - Added support for EAP modules which do not establish an MSK.
433 - Removed the dependencies from the /usr/include/linux/ headers by
434 including xfrm.h, ipsec.h, and pfkeyv2.h in the distribution.
436 - crlNumber is now listed by ipsec listcrls
438 - The xauth_modules.verify_secret() function now passes the
445 - Server side cookie support. If to may IKE_SAs are in CONNECTING state,
446 cookies are enabled and protect against DoS attacks with faked source
447 addresses. Number of IKE_SAs in CONNECTING state is also limited per
448 peer address to avoid resource exhaustion. IKE_SA_INIT messages are
449 compared to properly detect retransmissions and incoming retransmits are
450 detected even if the IKE_SA is blocked (e.g. doing OCSP fetches).
452 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports dynamic http- and ldap-based CRL
453 fetching enabled by crlcheckinterval > 0 and caching fetched CRLs
454 enabled by cachecrls=yes.
456 - Added the configuration options --enable-nat-transport which enables
457 the potentially insecure NAT traversal for IPsec transport mode and
458 --disable-vendor-id which disables the sending of the strongSwan
461 - Fixed a long-standing bug in the pluto IKEv1 daemon which caused
462 a segmentation fault if a malformed payload was detected in the
463 IKE MR2 message and pluto tried to send an encrypted notification
466 - Added the NATT_IETF_02_N Vendor ID in order to support IKEv1 connections
467 with Windows 2003 Server which uses a wrong VID hash.
473 - Support of SHA2_384 hash function for protecting IKEv1
474 negotiations and support of SHA2 signatures in X.509 certificates.
476 - Fixed a serious bug in the computation of the SHA2-512 HMAC
477 function. Introduced automatic self-test of all IKEv1 hash
478 and hmac functions during pluto startup. Failure of a self-test
479 currently issues a warning only but does not exit pluto [yet].
481 - Support for SHA2-256/384/512 PRF and HMAC functions in IKEv2.
483 - Full support of CA information sections. ipsec listcainfos
484 now shows all collected crlDistributionPoints and OCSP
487 - Support of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) for IKEv2.
488 This feature requires the HTTP fetching capabilities of the libcurl
489 library which must be enabled by setting the --enable-http configure
492 - Refactored core of the IKEv2 message processing code, allowing better
493 code reuse and separation.
495 - Virtual IP support in IKEv2 using INTERNAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS configuration
496 payload. Additionally, the INTERNAL_IP4/6_DNS attribute is interpreted
497 by the requestor and installed in a resolv.conf file.
499 - The IKEv2 daemon charon installs a route for each IPsec policy to use
500 the correct source address even if an application does not explicitly
503 - Integrated the EAP framework into charon which loads pluggable EAP library
504 modules. The ipsec.conf parameter authby=eap initiates EAP authentication
505 on the client side, while the "eap" parameter on the server side defines
506 the EAP method to use for client authentication.
507 A generic client side EAP-Identity module and an EAP-SIM authentication
508 module using a third party card reader implementation are included.
510 - Added client side support for cookies.
512 - Integrated the fixes done at the IKEv2 interoperability bakeoff, including
513 strict payload order, correct INVALID_KE_PAYLOAD rejection and other minor
514 fixes to enhance interoperability with other implementations.
520 - strongSwan now interoperates with the NCP Secure Entry Client,
521 the Shrew Soft VPN Client, and the Cisco VPN client, doing both
522 XAUTH and Mode Config.
524 - UNITY attributes are now recognized and UNITY_BANNER is set
531 - IKEv1: Support for extended authentication (XAUTH) in combination
532 with ISAKMP Main Mode RSA or PSK authentication. Both client and
533 server side were implemented. Handling of user credentials can
534 be done by a run-time loadable XAUTH module. By default user
535 credentials are stored in ipsec.secrets.
537 - IKEv2: Support for reauthentication when rekeying
539 - IKEv2: Support for transport mode
541 - fixed a lot of bugs related to byte order
543 - various other bugfixes
549 - IKEv1: Implementation of ModeConfig push mode via the new connection
550 keyword modeconfig=push allows interoperability with Cisco VPN gateways.
552 - IKEv1: The command ipsec statusall now shows "DPD active" for all
553 ISAKMP SAs that are under active Dead Peer Detection control.
555 - IKEv2: Charon's logging and debugging framework has been completely rewritten.
556 Instead of logger, special printf() functions are used to directly
557 print objects like hosts (%H) identifications (%D), certificates (%Q),
558 etc. The number of debugging levels have been reduced to:
560 0 (audit), 1 (control), 2 (controlmore), 3 (raw), 4 (private)
562 The debugging levels can either be specified statically in ipsec.conf as
565 charondebug="lib 1, cfg 3, net 2"
567 or changed at runtime via stroke as
569 ipsec stroke loglevel cfg 2
575 - Implemented full support for IPv6-in-IPv6 tunnels.
577 - Added configuration options for dead peer detection in IKEv2. dpd_action
578 types "clear", "hold" and "restart" are supported. The dpd_timeout
579 value is not used, as the normal retransmission policy applies to
580 detect dead peers. The dpd_delay parameter enables sending of empty
581 informational message to detect dead peers in case of inactivity.
583 - Added support for preshared keys in IKEv2. PSK keys configured in
584 ipsec.secrets are loaded. The authby parameter specifies the authentication
585 method to authentificate ourself, the other peer may use PSK or RSA.
587 - Changed retransmission policy to respect the keyingtries parameter.
589 - Added private key decryption. PEM keys encrypted with AES-128/192/256
590 or 3DES are supported.
592 - Implemented DES/3DES algorithms in libstrongswan. 3DES can be used to
595 - Implemented SHA-256/384/512 in libstrongswan, allows usage of certificates
596 signed with such a hash algorithm.
598 - Added initial support for updown scripts. The actions up-host/client and
599 down-host/client are executed. The leftfirewall=yes parameter
600 uses the default updown script to insert dynamic firewall rules, a custom
601 updown script may be specified with the leftupdown parameter.
607 - Added support for the auto=route ipsec.conf parameter and the
608 ipsec route/unroute commands for IKEv2. This allows to set up IKE_SAs and
609 CHILD_SAs dynamically on demand when traffic is detected by the
612 - Added support for rekeying IKE_SAs in IKEv2 using the ikelifetime parameter.
613 As specified in IKEv2, no reauthentication is done (unlike in IKEv1), only
614 new keys are generated using perfect forward secrecy. An optional flag
615 which enforces reauthentication will be implemented later.
617 - "sha" and "sha1" are now treated as synonyms in the ike= and esp=
618 algorithm configuration statements.
624 - Full X.509 certificate trust chain verification has been implemented.
625 End entity certificates can be exchanged via CERT payloads. The current
626 default is leftsendcert=always, since CERTREQ payloads are not supported
627 yet. Optional CRLs must be imported locally into /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
629 - Added support for leftprotoport/rightprotoport parameters in IKEv2. IKEv2
630 would offer more possibilities for traffic selection, but the Linux kernel
631 currently does not support it. That's why we stick with these simple
632 ipsec.conf rules for now.
634 - Added Dead Peer Detection (DPD) which checks liveliness of remote peer if no
635 IKE or ESP traffic is received. DPD is currently hardcoded (dpdaction=clear,
638 - Initial NAT traversal support in IKEv2. Charon includes NAT detection
639 notify payloads to detect NAT routers between the peers. It switches
640 to port 4500, uses UDP encapsulated ESP packets, handles peer address
641 changes gracefully and sends keep alive message periodically.
643 - Reimplemented IKE_SA state machine for charon, which allows simultaneous
644 rekeying, more shared code, cleaner design, proper retransmission
645 and a more extensible code base.
647 - The mixed PSK/RSA roadwarrior detection capability introduced by the
648 strongswan-2.7.0 release necessitated the pre-parsing of the IKE proposal
649 payloads by the responder right before any defined IKE Main Mode state had
650 been established. Although any form of bad proposal syntax was being correctly
651 detected by the payload parser, the subsequent error handler didn't check
652 the state pointer before logging current state information, causing an
653 immediate crash of the pluto keying daemon due to a NULL pointer.
659 - Added algorithm selection to charon: New default algorithms for
660 ike=aes128-sha-modp2048, as both daemons support it. The default
661 for IPsec SAs is now esp=aes128-sha,3des-md5. charon handles
662 the ike/esp parameter the same way as pluto. As this syntax does
663 not allow specification of a pseudo random function, the same
664 algorithm as for integrity is used (currently sha/md5). Supported
666 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256
667 Integrity/PRF: md5, sha (using hmac)
668 DH-Groups: modp768, 1024, 1536, 2048, 4096, 8192
670 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256, 3des, blowfish128,
671 blowfish192, blowfish256
673 More IKE encryption algorithms will come after porting libcrypto into
676 - initial support for rekeying CHILD_SAs using IKEv2. Currently no
677 perfect forward secrecy is used. The rekeying parameters rekey,
678 rekeymargin, rekeyfuzz and keylife from ipsec.conf are now supported
679 when using IKEv2. WARNING: charon currently is unable to handle
680 simultaneous rekeying. To avoid such a situation, use a large
681 rekeyfuzz, or even better, set rekey=no on one peer.
683 - support for host2host, net2net, host2net (roadwarrior) tunnels
684 using predefined RSA certificates (see uml scenarios for
685 configuration examples).
687 - new build environment featuring autotools. Features such
688 as HTTP, LDAP and smartcard support may be enabled using
689 the ./configure script. Changing install directories
690 is possible, too. See ./configure --help for more details.
692 - better integration of charon with ipsec starter, which allows
693 (almost) transparent operation with both daemons. charon
694 handles ipsec commands up, down, status, statusall, listall,
695 listcerts and allows proper load, reload and delete of connections
702 - initial support of the IKEv2 protocol. Connections in
703 ipsec.conf designated by keyexchange=ikev2 are negotiated
704 by the new IKEv2 charon keying daemon whereas those marked
705 by keyexchange=ikev1 or the default keyexchange=ike are
706 handled thy the IKEv1 pluto keying daemon. Currently only
707 a limited subset of functions are available with IKEv2
708 (Default AES encryption, authentication based on locally
709 imported X.509 certificates, unencrypted private RSA keys
710 in PKCS#1 file format, limited functionality of the ipsec
717 - the dynamic iptables rules from the _updown_x509 template
718 for KLIPS and the _updown_policy template for NETKEY have
719 been merged into the default _updown script. The existing
720 left|rightfirewall keyword causes the automatic insertion
721 and deletion of ACCEPT rules for tunneled traffic upon
722 the successful setup and teardown of an IPsec SA, respectively.
723 left|rightfirwall can be used with KLIPS under any Linux 2.4
724 kernel or with NETKEY under a Linux kernel version >= 2.6.16
725 in conjuction with iptables >= 1.3.5. For NETKEY under a Linux
726 kernel version < 2.6.16 which does not support IPsec policy
727 matching yet, please continue to use a copy of the _updown_espmark
728 template loaded via the left|rightupdown keyword.
730 - a new left|righthostaccess keyword has been introduced which
731 can be used in conjunction with left|rightfirewall and the
732 default _updown script. By default leftfirewall=yes inserts
733 a bi-directional iptables FORWARD rule for a local client network
734 with a netmask different from 255.255.255.255 (single host).
735 This does not allow to access the VPN gateway host via its
736 internal network interface which is part of the client subnet
737 because an iptables INPUT and OUTPUT rule would be required.
738 lefthostaccess=yes will cause this additional ACCEPT rules to
741 - mixed PSK|RSA roadwarriors are now supported. The ISAKMP proposal
742 payload is preparsed in order to find out whether the roadwarrior
743 requests PSK or RSA so that a matching connection candidate can
750 - the new _updown_policy template allows ipsec policy based
751 iptables firewall rules. Required are iptables version
752 >= 1.3.5 and linux kernel >= 2.6.16. This script obsoletes
753 the _updown_espmark template, so that no INPUT mangle rules
754 are required any more.
756 - added support of DPD restart mode
758 - ipsec starter now allows the use of wildcards in include
759 statements as e.g. in "include /etc/my_ipsec/*.conf".
760 Patch courtesy of Matthias Haas.
762 - the Netscape OID 'employeeNumber' is now recognized and can be
763 used as a Relative Distinguished Name in certificates.
769 - /etc/init.d/ipsec or /etc/rc.d/ipsec is now a copy of the ipsec
770 command and not of ipsec setup any more.
772 - ipsec starter now supports AH authentication in conjunction with
773 ESP encryption. AH authentication is configured in ipsec.conf
774 via the auth=ah parameter.
776 - The command ipsec scencrypt|scdecrypt <args> is now an alias for
777 ipsec whack --scencrypt|scdecrypt <args>.
779 - get_sa_info() now determines for the native netkey IPsec stack
780 the exact time of the last use of an active eroute. This information
781 is used by the Dead Peer Detection algorithm and is also displayed by
782 the ipsec status command.
788 - running under the native Linux 2.6 IPsec stack, the function
789 get_sa_info() is called by ipsec auto --status to display the current
790 number of transmitted bytes per IPsec SA.
792 - get_sa_info() is also used by the Dead Peer Detection process to detect
793 recent ESP activity. If ESP traffic was received from the peer within
794 the last dpd_delay interval then no R_Y_THERE notification must be sent.
796 - strongSwan now supports the Relative Distinguished Name "unstructuredName"
797 in ID_DER_ASN1_DN identities. The following notations are possible:
799 rightid="unstructuredName=John Doe"
800 rightid="UN=John Doe"
802 - fixed a long-standing bug which caused PSK-based roadwarrior connections
803 to segfault in the function id.c:same_id() called by keys.c:get_secret()
804 if an FQDN, USER_FQDN, or Key ID was defined, as in the following example.
811 - the ipsec command now supports most ipsec auto commands (e.g. ipsec listall).
813 - ipsec starter didn't set host_addr and client.addr ports in whack msg.
815 - in order to guarantee backwards-compatibility with the script-based
816 auto function (e.g. auto --replace), the ipsec starter scripts stores
817 the defaultroute information in the temporary file /var/run/ipsec.info.
819 - The compile-time option USE_XAUTH_VID enables the sending of the XAUTH
820 Vendor ID which is expected by Cisco PIX 7 boxes that act as IKE Mode Config
823 - the ipsec starter now also recognizes the parameters authby=never and
824 type=passthrough|pass|drop|reject.
830 - ipsec starter now supports the also parameter which allows
831 a modular structure of the connection definitions. Thus
832 "ipsec start" is now ready to replace "ipsec setup".
838 - Mathieu Lafon's popular ipsec starter tool has been added to the
839 strongSwan distribution. Many thanks go to Stephan Scholz from astaro
840 for his integration work. ipsec starter is a C program which is going
841 to replace the various shell and awk starter scripts (setup, _plutoload,
842 _plutostart, _realsetup, _startklips, _confread, and auto). Since
843 ipsec.conf is now parsed only once, the starting of multiple tunnels is
844 accelerated tremedously.
846 - Added support of %defaultroute to the ipsec starter. If the IP address
847 changes, a HUP signal to the ipsec starter will automatically
848 reload pluto's connections.
850 - moved most compile time configurations from pluto/Makefile to
851 Makefile.inc by defining the options USE_LIBCURL, USE_LDAP,
852 USE_SMARTCARD, and USE_NAT_TRAVERSAL_TRANSPORT_MODE.
854 - removed the ipsec verify and ipsec newhostkey commands
856 - fixed some 64-bit issues in formatted print statements
858 - The scepclient functionality implementing the Simple Certificate
859 Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is nearly complete but hasn't been
866 - CA certicates are now automatically loaded from a smartcard
867 or USB crypto token and appear in the ipsec auto --listcacerts
874 - when using "ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>" with a PKCS#11
875 library that does not support the C_Encrypt() Cryptoki
876 function (e.g. OpenSC), the RSA encryption is done in
877 software using the public key fetched from the smartcard.
879 - The scepclient function now allows to define the
880 validity of a self-signed certificate using the --days,
881 --startdate, and --enddate options. The default validity
882 has been changed from one year to five years.
888 - the config setup parameter pkcs11proxy=yes opens pluto's PKCS#11
889 interface to other applications for RSA encryption and decryption
890 via the whack interface. Notation:
892 ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>
893 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
894 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
897 ipsec whack --scdecrypt <data>
898 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
899 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
902 The default setting for inbase and outbase is hex.
904 The new proxy interface can be used for securing symmetric
905 encryption keys required by the cryptoloop or dm-crypt
906 disk encryption schemes, especially in the case when
907 pkcs11keepstate=yes causes pluto to lock the pkcs11 slot
910 - if the file /etc/ipsec.secrets is lacking during the startup of
911 pluto then the root-readable file /etc/ipsec.d/private/myKey.der
912 containing a 2048 bit RSA private key and a matching self-signed
913 certificate stored in the file /etc/ipsec.d/certs/selfCert.der
914 is automatically generated by calling the function
916 ipsec scepclient --out pkcs1 --out cert-self
918 scepclient was written by Jan Hutter and Martin Willi, students
919 at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil, Switzerland.
925 - the current extension of the PKCS#7 framework introduced
926 a parsing error in PKCS#7 wrapped X.509 certificates that are
927 e.g. transmitted by Windows XP when multi-level CAs are used.
928 the parsing syntax has been fixed.
930 - added a patch by Gerald Richter which tolerates multiple occurrences
931 of the ipsec0 interface when using KLIPS.
937 - with gawk-3.1.4 the word "default2 has become a protected
938 keyword for use in switch statements and cannot be used any
939 more in the strongSwan scripts. This problem has been
940 solved by renaming "default" to "defaults" and "setdefault"
941 in the scripts _confread and auto, respectively.
943 - introduced the parameter leftsendcert with the values
945 always|yes (the default, always send a cert)
946 ifasked (send the cert only upon a cert request)
947 never|no (never send a cert, used for raw RSA keys and
950 - fixed the initialization of the ESP key length to a default of
951 128 bits in the case that the peer does not send a key length
952 attribute for AES encryption.
954 - applied Herbert Xu's uniqueIDs patch
956 - applied Herbert Xu's CLOEXEC patches
962 - CRLs can now be cached also in the case when the issuer's
963 certificate does not contain a subjectKeyIdentifier field.
964 In that case the subjectKeyIdentifier is computed by pluto as the
965 160 bit SHA-1 hash of the issuer's public key in compliance
966 with section 4.2.1.2 of RFC 3280.
968 - Fixed a bug introduced by strongswan-2.5.1 which eliminated
969 not only multiple Quick Modes of a given connection but also
970 multiple connections between two security gateways.
976 - Under the native IPsec of the Linux 2.6 kernel, a %trap eroute
977 installed either by setting auto=route in ipsec.conf or by
978 a connection put into hold, generates an XFRM_AQUIRE event
979 for each packet that wants to use the not-yet exisiting
980 tunnel. Up to now each XFRM_AQUIRE event led to an entry in
981 the Quick Mode queue, causing multiple IPsec SA to be
982 established in rapid succession. Starting with strongswan-2.5.1
983 only a single IPsec SA is established per host-pair connection.
985 - Right after loading the PKCS#11 module, all smartcard slots are
986 searched for certificates. The result can be viewed using
989 ipsec auto --listcards
991 The certificate objects found in the slots are numbered
992 starting with #1, #2, etc. This position number can be used to address
993 certificates (leftcert=%smartcard) and keys (: PIN %smartcard)
994 in ipsec.conf and ipsec.secrets, respectively:
996 %smartcard (selects object #1)
997 %smartcard#1 (selects object #1)
998 %smartcard#3 (selects object #3)
1000 As an alternative the existing retrieval scheme can be used:
1002 %smartcard:45 (selects object with id=45)
1003 %smartcard0 (selects first object in slot 0)
1004 %smartcard4:45 (selects object in slot 4 with id=45)
1006 - Depending on the settings of CKA_SIGN and CKA_DECRYPT
1007 private key flags either C_Sign() or C_Decrypt() is used
1008 to generate a signature.
1010 - The output buffer length parameter siglen in C_Sign()
1011 is now initialized to the actual size of the output
1012 buffer prior to the function call. This fixes the
1013 CKR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL error that could occur when using
1014 the OpenSC PKCS#11 module.
1016 - Changed the initialization of the PKCS#11 CK_MECHANISM in
1017 C_SignInit() to mech = { CKM_RSA_PKCS, NULL_PTR, 0 }.
1019 - Refactored the RSA public/private key code and transferred it
1020 from keys.c to the new pkcs1.c file as a preparatory step
1021 towards the release of the SCEP client.
1027 - The loading of a PKCS#11 smartcard library module during
1028 runtime does not require OpenSC library functions any more
1029 because the corresponding code has been integrated into
1030 smartcard.c. Also the RSAREF pkcs11 header files have been
1031 included in a newly created pluto/rsaref directory so that
1032 no external include path has to be defined any longer.
1034 - A long-awaited feature has been implemented at last:
1035 The local caching of CRLs fetched via HTTP or LDAP, activated
1036 by the parameter cachecrls=yes in the config setup section
1037 of ipsec.conf. The dynamically fetched CRLs are stored under
1038 a unique file name containing the issuer's subjectKeyID
1039 in /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
1041 - Applied a one-line patch courtesy of Michael Richardson
1042 from the Openswan project which fixes the kernel-oops
1043 in KLIPS when an snmp daemon is running on the same box.
1049 - Eliminated null length CRL distribution point strings.
1051 - Fixed a trust path evaluation bug introduced with 2.4.3
1057 - Improved the joint OCSP / CRL revocation policy.
1058 OCSP responses have precedence over CRL entries.
1060 - Introduced support of CRLv2 reason codes.
1062 - Fixed a bug with key-pad equipped readers which caused
1063 pluto to prompt for the pin via the console when the first
1064 occasion to enter the pin via the key-pad was missed.
1066 - When pluto is built with LDAP_V3 enabled, the library
1067 liblber required by newer versions of openldap is now
1074 - Added the _updown_espmark template which requires all
1075 incoming ESP traffic to be marked with a default mark
1078 - Introduced the pkcs11keepstate parameter in the config setup
1079 section of ipsec.conf. With pkcs11keepstate=yes the PKCS#11
1080 session and login states are kept as long as possible during
1081 the lifetime of pluto. This means that a PIN entry via a key
1082 pad has to be done only once.
1084 - Introduced the pkcs11module parameter in the config setup
1085 section of ipsec.conf which specifies the PKCS#11 module
1086 to be used with smart cards. Example:
1088 pkcs11module=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.lo
1090 - Added support of smartcard readers equipped with a PIN pad.
1092 - Added patch by Jay Pfeifer which detects when netkey
1093 modules have been statically built into the Linux 2.6 kernel.
1095 - Added two patches by Herbert Xu. The first uses ip xfrm
1096 instead of setkey to flush the IPsec policy database. The
1097 second sets the optional flag in inbound IPComp SAs only.
1099 - Applied Ulrich Weber's patch which fixes an interoperability
1100 problem between native IPsec and KLIPS systems caused by
1101 setting the replay window to 32 instead of 0 for ipcomp.
1107 - Fixed a bug which caused an unwanted Mode Config request
1108 to be initiated in the case where "right" was used to denote
1109 the local side in ipsec.conf and "left" the remote side,
1110 contrary to the recommendation that "right" be remote and
1117 - updated Vendor ID to strongSwan-2.4.0
1119 - updated copyright statement to include David Buechi and
1126 - strongSwan now communicates with attached smartcards and
1127 USB crypto tokens via the standardized PKCS #11 interface.
1128 By default the OpenSC library from www.opensc.org is used
1129 but any other PKCS#11 library could be dynamically linked.
1130 strongSwan's PKCS#11 API was implemented by David Buechi
1131 and Michael Meier, both graduates of the Zurich University
1132 of Applied Sciences in Winterthur, Switzerland.
1134 - When a %trap eroute is triggered by an outgoing IP packet
1135 then the native IPsec stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel [often/
1136 always?] returns an XFRM_ACQUIRE message with an undefined
1137 protocol family field and the connection setup fails.
1138 As a workaround IPv4 (AF_INET) is now assumed.
1140 - the results of the UML test scenarios are now enhanced
1141 with block diagrams of the virtual network topology used
1142 in a particular test.
1148 - fixed IV used to decrypt informational messages.
1149 This bug was introduced with Mode Config functionality.
1151 - fixed NCP Vendor ID.
1153 - undid one of Ulrich Weber's maximum udp size patches
1154 because it caused a segmentation fault with NAT-ed
1157 - added UML scenarios wildcards and attr-cert which
1158 demonstrate the implementation of IPsec policies based
1159 on wildcard parameters contained in Distinguished Names and
1160 on X.509 attribute certificates, respectively.
1166 - Added basic Mode Config functionality
1168 - Added Mathieu Lafon's patch which upgrades the status of
1169 the NAT-Traversal implementation to RFC 3947.
1171 - The _startklips script now also loads the xfrm4_tunnel
1174 - Added Ulrich Weber's netlink replay window size and
1175 maximum udp size patches.
1177 - UML testing now uses the Linux 2.6.10 UML kernel by default.
1183 - Eric Marchionni and Patrik Rayo, both recent graduates from
1184 the Zuercher Hochschule Winterthur in Switzerland, created a
1185 User-Mode-Linux test setup for strongSwan. For more details
1186 please read the INSTALL and README documents in the testing
1189 - Full support of group attributes based on X.509 attribute
1190 certificates. Attribute certificates can be generated
1191 using the openac facility. For more details see
1195 The group attributes can be used in connection definitions
1196 in order to give IPsec access to specific user groups.
1197 This is done with the new parameter left|rightgroups as in
1199 rightgroups="Research, Sales"
1201 giving access to users possessing the group attributes
1202 Research or Sales, only.
1204 - In Quick Mode clients with subnet mask /32 are now
1205 coded as IP_V4_ADDRESS or IP_V6_ADDRESS. This should
1206 fix rekeying problems with the SafeNet/SoftRemote and NCP
1207 Secure Entry Clients.
1209 - Changed the defaults of the ikelifetime and keylife parameters
1210 to 3h and 1h, respectively. The maximum allowable values are
1211 now both set to 24 h.
1213 - Suppressed notification wars between two IPsec peers that
1214 could e.g. be triggered by incorrect ISAKMP encryption.
1216 - Public RSA keys can now have identical IDs if either the
1217 issuing CA or the serial number is different. The serial
1218 number of a certificate is now shown by the command
1220 ipsec auto --listpubkeys
1226 - Added Tuomo Soini's sourceip feature which allows a strongSwan
1227 roadwarrior to use a fixed Virtual IP (see README section 2.6)
1228 and reduces the well-known four tunnel case on VPN gateways to
1229 a single tunnel definition (see README section 2.4).
1231 - Fixed a bug occuring with NAT-Traversal enabled when the responder
1232 suddenly turns initiator and the initiator cannot find a matching
1233 connection because of the floated IKE port 4500.
1235 - Removed misleading ipsec verify command from barf.
1237 - Running under the native IP stack, ipsec --version now shows
1238 the Linux kernel version (courtesy to the Openswan project).
1244 - Introduced the ipsec auto --listalgs monitoring command which lists
1245 all currently registered IKE and ESP algorithms.
1247 - Fixed a bug in the ESP algorithm selection occuring when the strict flag
1248 is set and the first proposed transform does not match.
1250 - Fixed another deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex,
1251 occuring when a smartcard is present.
1253 - Prevented that a superseded Phase1 state can trigger a DPD_TIMEOUT event.
1255 - Fixed the printing of the notification names (null)
1257 - Applied another of Herbert Xu's Netlink patches.
1263 - Support of Dead Peer Detection. The connection parameter
1265 dpdaction=clear|hold
1267 activates DPD for the given connection.
1269 - The default Opportunistic Encryption (OE) policy groups are not
1270 automatically included anymore. Those wishing to activate OE can include
1271 the policy group with the following statement in ipsec.conf:
1273 include /etc/ipsec.d/examples/oe.conf
1275 The default for [right|left]rsasigkey is now set to %cert.
1277 - strongSwan now has a Vendor ID of its own which can be activated
1278 using the compile option VENDORID
1280 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch which sets the compression algorithm correctly.
1282 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch fixing an ESPINUDP problem
1284 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch setting source/destination port numbers.
1286 - Reapplied one of Herbert Xu's NAT-Traversal patches which got
1287 lost during the migration from SuperFreeS/WAN.
1289 - Fixed a deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex.
1291 - Fixed the unsharing of alg parameters when instantiating group
1298 - Thomas Walpuski made me aware of a potential DoS attack via
1299 a PKCS#7-wrapped certificate bundle which could overwrite valid CA
1300 certificates in Pluto's authority certificate store. This vulnerability
1301 was fixed by establishing trust in CA candidate certificates up to a
1302 trusted root CA prior to insertion into Pluto's chained list.
1304 - replaced the --assign option by the -v option in the auto awk script
1305 in order to make it run with mawk under debian/woody.
1311 - Split of the status information between ipsec auto --status (concise)
1312 and ipsec auto --statusall (verbose). Both commands can be used with
1313 an optional connection selector:
1315 ipsec auto --status[all] <connection_name>
1317 - Added the description of X.509 related features to the ipsec_auto(8)
1320 - Hardened the ASN.1 parser in debug mode, especially the printing
1321 of malformed distinguished names.
1323 - The size of an RSA public key received in a certificate is now restricted to
1325 512 bits <= modulus length <= 8192 bits.
1327 - Fixed the debug mode enumeration.
1333 - Fixed another PKCS#7 vulnerability which could lead to an
1334 endless loop while following the X.509 trust chain.
1340 - Fixed the PKCS#7 vulnerability discovered by Thomas Walpuski
1341 that accepted end certificates having identical issuer and subject
1342 distinguished names in a multi-tier X.509 trust chain.
1348 - Removed all remaining references to ipsec_netlink.h in KLIPS.
1354 - The new "ca" section allows to define the following parameters:
1357 cacert=koolCA.pem # cacert of kool CA
1358 ocspuri=http://ocsp.kool.net:8001 # ocsp server
1359 ldapserver=ldap.kool.net # default ldap server
1360 crluri=http://www.kool.net/kool.crl # crl distribution point
1361 crluri2="ldap:///O=Kool, C= .." # crl distribution point #2
1362 auto=add # add, ignore
1364 The ca definitions can be monitored via the command
1366 ipsec auto --listcainfos
1368 - Fixed cosmetic corruption of /proc filesystem by integrating
1369 D. Hugh Redelmeier's freeswan-2.06 kernel fixes.
1375 - Added support for the 818043 NAT-Traversal update of Microsoft's
1376 Windows 2000/XP IPsec client which sends an ID_FQDN during Quick Mode.
1378 - A symbolic link to libcrypto is now added in the kernel sources
1379 during kernel compilation
1381 - Fixed a couple of 64 bit issues (mostly casts to int).
1382 Thanks to Ken Bantoft who checked my sources on a 64 bit platform.
1384 - Replaced s[n]printf() statements in the kernel by ipsec_snprintf().
1385 Credits go to D. Hugh Redelmeier, Michael Richardson, and Sam Sgro
1386 of the FreeS/WAN team who solved this problem with the 2.4.25 kernel.
1392 - an empty ASN.1 SEQUENCE OF or SET OF object (e.g. a subjectAltName
1393 certificate extension which contains no generalName item) can cause
1394 a pluto crash. This bug has been fixed. Additionally the ASN.1 parser has
1395 been hardened to make it more robust against malformed ASN.1 objects.
1397 - applied Herbert Xu's NAT-T patches which fixes NAT-T under the native
1398 Linux 2.6 IPsec stack.
1404 - based on freeswan-2.04, x509-1.5.3, nat-0.6c, alg-0.8.1rc12
projects / strongswan.git / blob