4 - Fixed the strongswan.conf path configuration problem that occurred when
5 --sysconfig was not set explicitly in ./configure.
7 - Fixed a number of minor bugs that where discovered during the 4th
8 IKEv2 interoperability workshop in San Antonio, TX.
14 - Plugins for libstrongswan and charon can optionally be loaded according
15 to a configuration in strongswan.conf. Most components provide a
16 "load = " option followed by a space separated list of plugins to load.
17 This allows e.g. the fallback from a hardware crypto accelerator to
18 to software-based crypto plugins.
20 - Charons SQL plugin has been extended by a virtual IP address pool.
21 Configurations with a rightsourceip=%poolname setting query a SQLite or
22 MySQL database for leases. The "ipsec pool" command helps in administrating
23 the pool database. See ipsec pool --help for the available options
25 - The Authenticated Encryption Algorithms AES-CCM-8/12/16 and AES-GCM-8/12/16
26 for ESP are now supported starting with the Linux 2.6.25 kernel. The
27 syntax is e.g. esp=aes128ccm12 or esp=aes256gcm16.
33 - Support for "Hash and URL" encoded certificate payloads has been implemented
34 in the IKEv2 daemon charon. Using the "certuribase" option of a CA section
35 allows to assign a base URL to all certificates issued by the specified CA.
36 The final URL is then built by concatenating that base and the hex encoded
37 SHA1 hash of the DER encoded certificate. Note that this feature is disabled
38 by default and must be enabled using the option "charon.hash_and_url".
40 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports the "uniqueids" option to close multiple
41 IKE_SAs with the same peer. The option value "keep" prefers existing
42 connection setups over new ones, where the value "replace" replaces existing
45 - The crypto factory in libstrongswan additionaly supports random number
46 generators, plugins may provide other sources of randomness. The default
47 plugin reads raw random data from /dev/(u)random.
49 - Extended the credential framework by a caching option to allow plugins
50 persistent caching of fetched credentials. The "cachecrl" option has been
53 - The new trustchain verification introduced in 4.2.0 has been parallelized.
54 Threads fetching CRL or OCSP information no longer block other threads.
56 - A new IKEv2 configuration attribute framework has been introduced allowing
57 plugins to provide virtual IP addresses, and in the future, other
58 configuration attribute services (e.g. DNS/WINS servers).
60 - The stroke plugin has been extended to provide virtual IP addresses from
61 a pool defined in ipsec.conf. The "rightsourceip" parameter now accepts
62 address pools in CIDR notation (e.g. 10.1.1.0/24). The parameter also accepts
63 the value "%poolname", where "poolname" identifies a pool provided by a
66 - Fixed compilation on uClibc and a couple of other minor bugs.
68 - Set DPD defaults in ipsec starter to dpd_delay=30s and dpd_timeout=150s.
70 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the ESP encryption algorithm CAMELLIA
71 with key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, as well as the authentication
72 algorithm AES_XCBC_MAC. Configuration example: esp=camellia192-aesxcbc.
78 - libstrongswan has been modularized to attach crypto algorithms,
79 credential implementations (keys, certificates) and fetchers dynamically
80 through plugins. Existing code has been ported to plugins:
81 - RSA/Diffie-Hellman implementation using the GNU Multi Precision library
82 - X509 certificate system supporting CRLs, OCSP and attribute certificates
83 - Multiple plugins providing crypto algorithms in software
84 - CURL and OpenLDAP fetcher
86 - libstrongswan gained a relational database API which uses pluggable database
87 providers. Plugins for MySQL and SQLite are available.
89 - The IKEv2 keying daemon charon is more extensible. Generic plugins may provide
90 connection configuration, credentials and EAP methods or control the daemon.
91 Existing code has been ported to plugins:
92 - EAP-AKA, EAP-SIM, EAP-MD5 and EAP-Identity
93 - stroke configuration, credential and control (compatible to pluto)
94 - XML bases management protocol to control and query the daemon
95 The following new plugins are available:
96 - An experimental SQL configuration, credential and logging plugin on
97 top of either MySQL or SQLite
98 - A unit testing plugin to run tests at daemon startup
100 - The authentication and credential framework in charon has been heavily
101 refactored to support modular credential providers, proper
102 CERTREQ/CERT payload exchanges and extensible authorization rules.
104 - The framework of strongSwan Manager has envolved to the web application
105 framework libfast (FastCGI Application Server w/ Templates) and is usable
106 by other applications.
112 - IKE rekeying in NAT situations did not inherit the NAT conditions
113 to the rekeyed IKE_SA so that the UDP encapsulation was lost with
114 the next CHILD_SA rekeying.
116 - Wrong type definition of the next_payload variable in id_payload.c
117 caused an INVALID_SYNTAX error on PowerPC platforms.
119 - Implemented IKEv2 EAP-SIM server and client test modules that use
120 triplets stored in a file. For details on the configuration see
121 the scenario 'ikev2/rw-eap-sim-rsa'.
127 - Fixed error in the ordering of the certinfo_t records in the ocsp cache that
128 caused multiple entries of the same serial number to be created.
130 - Implementation of a simple EAP-MD5 module which provides CHAP
131 authentication. This may be interesting in conjunction with certificate
132 based server authentication, as weak passwords can't be brute forced
133 (in contradiction to traditional IKEv2 PSK).
135 - A complete software based implementation of EAP-AKA, using algorithms
136 specified in 3GPP2 (S.S0055). This implementation does not use an USIM,
137 but reads the secrets from ipsec.secrets. Make sure to read eap_aka.h
140 - Support for vendor specific EAP methods using Expanded EAP types. The
141 interface to EAP modules has been slightly changed, so make sure to
142 check the changes if you're already rolling your own modules.
148 - The default _updown script now dynamically inserts and removes ip6tables
149 firewall rules if leftfirewall=yes is set in IPv6 connections. New IPv6
150 net-net and roadwarrior (PSK/RSA) scenarios for both IKEv1 and IKEV2 were
153 - Implemented RFC4478 repeated authentication to force EAP/Virtual-IP clients
154 to reestablish an IKE_SA within a given timeframe.
156 - strongSwan Manager supports configuration listing, initiation and termination
157 of IKE and CHILD_SAs.
159 - Fixes and improvements to multithreading code.
161 - IKEv2 plugins have been renamed to libcharon-* to avoid naming conflicts.
162 Make sure to remove the old plugins in $libexecdir/ipsec, otherwise they get
169 - Removed recursive pthread mutexes since uClibc doesn't support them.
175 - In NAT traversal situations and multiple queued Quick Modes,
176 those pending connections inserted by auto=start after the
177 port floating from 500 to 4500 were erronously deleted.
179 - Added a "forceencaps" connection parameter to enforce UDP encapsulation
180 to surmount restrictive firewalls. NAT detection payloads are faked to
181 simulate a NAT situation and trick the other peer into NAT mode (IKEv2 only).
183 - Preview of strongSwan Manager, a web based configuration and monitoring
184 application. It uses a new XML control interface to query the IKEv2 daemon
185 (see http://trac.strongswan.org/wiki/Manager).
187 - Experimental SQLite configuration backend which will provide the configuration
188 interface for strongSwan Manager in future releases.
190 - Further improvements to MOBIKE support.
196 - Since some third party IKEv2 implementations run into
197 problems with strongSwan announcing MOBIKE capability per
198 default, MOBIKE can be disabled on a per-connection-basis
199 using the mobike=no option. Whereas mobike=no disables the
200 sending of the MOBIKE_SUPPORTED notification and the floating
201 to UDP port 4500 with the IKE_AUTH request even if no NAT
202 situation has been detected, strongSwan will still support
203 MOBIKE acting as a responder.
205 - the default ipsec routing table plus its corresponding priority
206 used for inserting source routes has been changed from 100 to 220.
207 It can be configured using the --with-ipsec-routing-table and
208 --with-ipsec-routing-table-prio options.
210 - the --enable-integrity-test configure option tests the
211 integrity of the libstrongswan crypto code during the charon
214 - the --disable-xauth-vid configure option disables the sending
215 of the XAUTH vendor ID. This can be used as a workaround when
216 interoperating with some Windows VPN clients that get into
217 trouble upon reception of an XAUTH VID without eXtended
218 AUTHentication having been configured.
220 - ipsec stroke now supports the rereadsecrets, rereadaacerts,
221 rereadacerts, and listacerts options.
227 - If a DNS lookup failure occurs when resolving right=%<FQDN>
228 or right=<FQDN> combined with rightallowany=yes then the
229 connection is not updated by ipsec starter thus preventing
230 the disruption of an active IPsec connection. Only if the DNS
231 lookup successfully returns with a changed IP address the
232 corresponding connection definition is updated.
234 - Routes installed by the keying daemons are now in a separate
235 routing table with the ID 100 to avoid conflicts with the main
236 table. Route lookup for IKEv2 traffic is done in userspace to ignore
237 routes installed for IPsec, as IKE traffic shouldn't get encapsulated.
243 - The pluto IKEv1 daemon now exhibits the same behaviour as its
244 IKEv2 companion charon by inserting an explicit route via the
245 _updown script only if a sourceip exists. This is admissible
246 since routing through the IPsec tunnel is handled automatically
247 by NETKEY's IPsec policies. As a consequence the left|rightnexthop
248 parameter is not required any more.
250 - The new IKEv1 parameter right|leftallowany parameters helps to handle
251 the case where both peers possess dynamic IP addresses that are
252 usually resolved using DynDNS or a similar service. The configuration
257 can be used by the initiator to start up a connection to a peer
258 by resolving peer.foo.bar into the currently allocated IP address.
259 Thanks to the rightallowany flag the connection behaves later on
264 so that the peer can rekey the connection as an initiator when his
265 IP address changes. An alternative notation is
269 which will implicitly set rightallowany=yes.
271 - ipsec starter now fails more gracefully in the presence of parsing
272 errors. Flawed ca and conn section are discarded and pluto is started
273 if non-fatal errors only were encountered. If right=%peer.foo.bar
274 cannot be resolved by DNS then right=%any will be used so that passive
275 connections as a responder are still possible.
277 - The new pkcs11initargs parameter that can be placed in the
278 setup config section of /etc/ipsec.conf allows the definition
279 of an argument string that is used with the PKCS#11 C_Initialize()
280 function. This non-standard feature is required by the NSS softoken
281 library. This patch was contributed by Robert Varga.
283 - Fixed a bug in ipsec starter introduced by strongswan-2.8.5
284 which caused a segmentation fault in the presence of unknown
285 or misspelt keywords in ipsec.conf. This bug fix was contributed
288 - Partial support for MOBIKE in IKEv2. The initiator acts on interface/
289 address configuration changes and updates IKE and IPsec SAs dynamically.
295 - IKEv2 peer configuration selection now can be based on a given
296 certification authority using the rightca= statement.
298 - IKEv2 authentication based on RSA signatures now can handle multiple
299 certificates issued for a given peer ID. This allows a smooth transition
300 in the case of a peer certificate renewal.
302 - IKEv2: Support for requesting a specific virtual IP using leftsourceip on the
303 client and returning requested virtual IPs using rightsourceip=%config
304 on the server. If the server does not support configuration payloads, the
305 client enforces its leftsourceip parameter.
307 - The ./configure options --with-uid/--with-gid allow pluto and charon
308 to drop their privileges to a minimum and change to an other UID/GID. This
309 improves the systems security, as a possible intruder may only get the
310 CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.
312 - Further modularization of charon: Pluggable control interface and
313 configuration backend modules provide extensibility. The control interface
314 for stroke is included, and further interfaces using DBUS (NetworkManager)
315 or XML are on the way. A backend for storing configurations in the daemon
316 is provided and more advanced backends (using e.g. a database) are trivial
319 - Fixed a compilation failure in libfreeswan occuring with Linux kernel
326 - Support for an additional Diffie-Hellman exchange when creating/rekeying
327 a CHILD_SA in IKEv2 (PFS). PFS is enabled when the proposal contains a
328 DH group (e.g. "esp=aes128-sha1-modp1536"). Further, DH group negotiation
329 is implemented properly for rekeying.
331 - Support for the AES-XCBC-96 MAC algorithm for IPsec SAs when using IKEv2
332 (requires linux >= 2.6.20). It is enabled using e.g. "esp=aes256-aesxcbc".
334 - Working IPv4-in-IPv6 and IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels for linux >= 2.6.21.
336 - Added support for EAP modules which do not establish an MSK.
338 - Removed the dependencies from the /usr/include/linux/ headers by
339 including xfrm.h, ipsec.h, and pfkeyv2.h in the distribution.
341 - crlNumber is now listed by ipsec listcrls
343 - The xauth_modules.verify_secret() function now passes the
350 - Server side cookie support. If to may IKE_SAs are in CONNECTING state,
351 cookies are enabled and protect against DoS attacks with faked source
352 addresses. Number of IKE_SAs in CONNECTING state is also limited per
353 peer address to avoid resource exhaustion. IKE_SA_INIT messages are
354 compared to properly detect retransmissions and incoming retransmits are
355 detected even if the IKE_SA is blocked (e.g. doing OCSP fetches).
357 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports dynamic http- and ldap-based CRL
358 fetching enabled by crlcheckinterval > 0 and caching fetched CRLs
359 enabled by cachecrls=yes.
361 - Added the configuration options --enable-nat-transport which enables
362 the potentially insecure NAT traversal for IPsec transport mode and
363 --disable-vendor-id which disables the sending of the strongSwan
366 - Fixed a long-standing bug in the pluto IKEv1 daemon which caused
367 a segmentation fault if a malformed payload was detected in the
368 IKE MR2 message and pluto tried to send an encrypted notification
371 - Added the NATT_IETF_02_N Vendor ID in order to support IKEv1 connections
372 with Windows 2003 Server which uses a wrong VID hash.
378 - Support of SHA2_384 hash function for protecting IKEv1
379 negotiations and support of SHA2 signatures in X.509 certificates.
381 - Fixed a serious bug in the computation of the SHA2-512 HMAC
382 function. Introduced automatic self-test of all IKEv1 hash
383 and hmac functions during pluto startup. Failure of a self-test
384 currently issues a warning only but does not exit pluto [yet].
386 - Support for SHA2-256/384/512 PRF and HMAC functions in IKEv2.
388 - Full support of CA information sections. ipsec listcainfos
389 now shows all collected crlDistributionPoints and OCSP
392 - Support of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) for IKEv2.
393 This feature requires the HTTP fetching capabilities of the libcurl
394 library which must be enabled by setting the --enable-http configure
397 - Refactored core of the IKEv2 message processing code, allowing better
398 code reuse and separation.
400 - Virtual IP support in IKEv2 using INTERNAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS configuration
401 payload. Additionally, the INTERNAL_IP4/6_DNS attribute is interpreted
402 by the requestor and installed in a resolv.conf file.
404 - The IKEv2 daemon charon installs a route for each IPsec policy to use
405 the correct source address even if an application does not explicitly
408 - Integrated the EAP framework into charon which loads pluggable EAP library
409 modules. The ipsec.conf parameter authby=eap initiates EAP authentication
410 on the client side, while the "eap" parameter on the server side defines
411 the EAP method to use for client authentication.
412 A generic client side EAP-Identity module and an EAP-SIM authentication
413 module using a third party card reader implementation are included.
415 - Added client side support for cookies.
417 - Integrated the fixes done at the IKEv2 interoperability bakeoff, including
418 strict payload order, correct INVALID_KE_PAYLOAD rejection and other minor
419 fixes to enhance interoperability with other implementations.
425 - strongSwan now interoperates with the NCP Secure Entry Client,
426 the Shrew Soft VPN Client, and the Cisco VPN client, doing both
427 XAUTH and Mode Config.
429 - UNITY attributes are now recognized and UNITY_BANNER is set
436 - IKEv1: Support for extended authentication (XAUTH) in combination
437 with ISAKMP Main Mode RSA or PSK authentication. Both client and
438 server side were implemented. Handling of user credentials can
439 be done by a run-time loadable XAUTH module. By default user
440 credentials are stored in ipsec.secrets.
442 - IKEv2: Support for reauthentication when rekeying
444 - IKEv2: Support for transport mode
446 - fixed a lot of bugs related to byte order
448 - various other bugfixes
454 - IKEv1: Implementation of ModeConfig push mode via the new connection
455 keyword modeconfig=push allows interoperability with Cisco VPN gateways.
457 - IKEv1: The command ipsec statusall now shows "DPD active" for all
458 ISAKMP SAs that are under active Dead Peer Detection control.
460 - IKEv2: Charon's logging and debugging framework has been completely rewritten.
461 Instead of logger, special printf() functions are used to directly
462 print objects like hosts (%H) identifications (%D), certificates (%Q),
463 etc. The number of debugging levels have been reduced to:
465 0 (audit), 1 (control), 2 (controlmore), 3 (raw), 4 (private)
467 The debugging levels can either be specified statically in ipsec.conf as
470 charondebug="lib 1, cfg 3, net 2"
472 or changed at runtime via stroke as
474 ipsec stroke loglevel cfg 2
480 - Implemented full support for IPv6-in-IPv6 tunnels.
482 - Added configuration options for dead peer detection in IKEv2. dpd_action
483 types "clear", "hold" and "restart" are supported. The dpd_timeout
484 value is not used, as the normal retransmission policy applies to
485 detect dead peers. The dpd_delay parameter enables sending of empty
486 informational message to detect dead peers in case of inactivity.
488 - Added support for preshared keys in IKEv2. PSK keys configured in
489 ipsec.secrets are loaded. The authby parameter specifies the authentication
490 method to authentificate ourself, the other peer may use PSK or RSA.
492 - Changed retransmission policy to respect the keyingtries parameter.
494 - Added private key decryption. PEM keys encrypted with AES-128/192/256
495 or 3DES are supported.
497 - Implemented DES/3DES algorithms in libstrongswan. 3DES can be used to
500 - Implemented SHA-256/384/512 in libstrongswan, allows usage of certificates
501 signed with such a hash algorithm.
503 - Added initial support for updown scripts. The actions up-host/client and
504 down-host/client are executed. The leftfirewall=yes parameter
505 uses the default updown script to insert dynamic firewall rules, a custom
506 updown script may be specified with the leftupdown parameter.
512 - Added support for the auto=route ipsec.conf parameter and the
513 ipsec route/unroute commands for IKEv2. This allows to set up IKE_SAs and
514 CHILD_SAs dynamically on demand when traffic is detected by the
517 - Added support for rekeying IKE_SAs in IKEv2 using the ikelifetime parameter.
518 As specified in IKEv2, no reauthentication is done (unlike in IKEv1), only
519 new keys are generated using perfect forward secrecy. An optional flag
520 which enforces reauthentication will be implemented later.
522 - "sha" and "sha1" are now treated as synonyms in the ike= and esp=
523 algorithm configuration statements.
529 - Full X.509 certificate trust chain verification has been implemented.
530 End entity certificates can be exchanged via CERT payloads. The current
531 default is leftsendcert=always, since CERTREQ payloads are not supported
532 yet. Optional CRLs must be imported locally into /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
534 - Added support for leftprotoport/rightprotoport parameters in IKEv2. IKEv2
535 would offer more possibilities for traffic selection, but the Linux kernel
536 currently does not support it. That's why we stick with these simple
537 ipsec.conf rules for now.
539 - Added Dead Peer Detection (DPD) which checks liveliness of remote peer if no
540 IKE or ESP traffic is received. DPD is currently hardcoded (dpdaction=clear,
543 - Initial NAT traversal support in IKEv2. Charon includes NAT detection
544 notify payloads to detect NAT routers between the peers. It switches
545 to port 4500, uses UDP encapsulated ESP packets, handles peer address
546 changes gracefully and sends keep alive message periodically.
548 - Reimplemented IKE_SA state machine for charon, which allows simultaneous
549 rekeying, more shared code, cleaner design, proper retransmission
550 and a more extensible code base.
552 - The mixed PSK/RSA roadwarrior detection capability introduced by the
553 strongswan-2.7.0 release necessitated the pre-parsing of the IKE proposal
554 payloads by the responder right before any defined IKE Main Mode state had
555 been established. Although any form of bad proposal syntax was being correctly
556 detected by the payload parser, the subsequent error handler didn't check
557 the state pointer before logging current state information, causing an
558 immediate crash of the pluto keying daemon due to a NULL pointer.
564 - Added algorithm selection to charon: New default algorithms for
565 ike=aes128-sha-modp2048, as both daemons support it. The default
566 for IPsec SAs is now esp=aes128-sha,3des-md5. charon handles
567 the ike/esp parameter the same way as pluto. As this syntax does
568 not allow specification of a pseudo random function, the same
569 algorithm as for integrity is used (currently sha/md5). Supported
571 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256
572 Integrity/PRF: md5, sha (using hmac)
573 DH-Groups: modp768, 1024, 1536, 2048, 4096, 8192
575 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256, 3des, blowfish128,
576 blowfish192, blowfish256
578 More IKE encryption algorithms will come after porting libcrypto into
581 - initial support for rekeying CHILD_SAs using IKEv2. Currently no
582 perfect forward secrecy is used. The rekeying parameters rekey,
583 rekeymargin, rekeyfuzz and keylife from ipsec.conf are now supported
584 when using IKEv2. WARNING: charon currently is unable to handle
585 simultaneous rekeying. To avoid such a situation, use a large
586 rekeyfuzz, or even better, set rekey=no on one peer.
588 - support for host2host, net2net, host2net (roadwarrior) tunnels
589 using predefined RSA certificates (see uml scenarios for
590 configuration examples).
592 - new build environment featuring autotools. Features such
593 as HTTP, LDAP and smartcard support may be enabled using
594 the ./configure script. Changing install directories
595 is possible, too. See ./configure --help for more details.
597 - better integration of charon with ipsec starter, which allows
598 (almost) transparent operation with both daemons. charon
599 handles ipsec commands up, down, status, statusall, listall,
600 listcerts and allows proper load, reload and delete of connections
607 - initial support of the IKEv2 protocol. Connections in
608 ipsec.conf designated by keyexchange=ikev2 are negotiated
609 by the new IKEv2 charon keying daemon whereas those marked
610 by keyexchange=ikev1 or the default keyexchange=ike are
611 handled thy the IKEv1 pluto keying daemon. Currently only
612 a limited subset of functions are available with IKEv2
613 (Default AES encryption, authentication based on locally
614 imported X.509 certificates, unencrypted private RSA keys
615 in PKCS#1 file format, limited functionality of the ipsec
622 - the dynamic iptables rules from the _updown_x509 template
623 for KLIPS and the _updown_policy template for NETKEY have
624 been merged into the default _updown script. The existing
625 left|rightfirewall keyword causes the automatic insertion
626 and deletion of ACCEPT rules for tunneled traffic upon
627 the successful setup and teardown of an IPsec SA, respectively.
628 left|rightfirwall can be used with KLIPS under any Linux 2.4
629 kernel or with NETKEY under a Linux kernel version >= 2.6.16
630 in conjuction with iptables >= 1.3.5. For NETKEY under a Linux
631 kernel version < 2.6.16 which does not support IPsec policy
632 matching yet, please continue to use a copy of the _updown_espmark
633 template loaded via the left|rightupdown keyword.
635 - a new left|righthostaccess keyword has been introduced which
636 can be used in conjunction with left|rightfirewall and the
637 default _updown script. By default leftfirewall=yes inserts
638 a bi-directional iptables FORWARD rule for a local client network
639 with a netmask different from 255.255.255.255 (single host).
640 This does not allow to access the VPN gateway host via its
641 internal network interface which is part of the client subnet
642 because an iptables INPUT and OUTPUT rule would be required.
643 lefthostaccess=yes will cause this additional ACCEPT rules to
646 - mixed PSK|RSA roadwarriors are now supported. The ISAKMP proposal
647 payload is preparsed in order to find out whether the roadwarrior
648 requests PSK or RSA so that a matching connection candidate can
655 - the new _updown_policy template allows ipsec policy based
656 iptables firewall rules. Required are iptables version
657 >= 1.3.5 and linux kernel >= 2.6.16. This script obsoletes
658 the _updown_espmark template, so that no INPUT mangle rules
659 are required any more.
661 - added support of DPD restart mode
663 - ipsec starter now allows the use of wildcards in include
664 statements as e.g. in "include /etc/my_ipsec/*.conf".
665 Patch courtesy of Matthias Haas.
667 - the Netscape OID 'employeeNumber' is now recognized and can be
668 used as a Relative Distinguished Name in certificates.
674 - /etc/init.d/ipsec or /etc/rc.d/ipsec is now a copy of the ipsec
675 command and not of ipsec setup any more.
677 - ipsec starter now supports AH authentication in conjunction with
678 ESP encryption. AH authentication is configured in ipsec.conf
679 via the auth=ah parameter.
681 - The command ipsec scencrypt|scdecrypt <args> is now an alias for
682 ipsec whack --scencrypt|scdecrypt <args>.
684 - get_sa_info() now determines for the native netkey IPsec stack
685 the exact time of the last use of an active eroute. This information
686 is used by the Dead Peer Detection algorithm and is also displayed by
687 the ipsec status command.
693 - running under the native Linux 2.6 IPsec stack, the function
694 get_sa_info() is called by ipsec auto --status to display the current
695 number of transmitted bytes per IPsec SA.
697 - get_sa_info() is also used by the Dead Peer Detection process to detect
698 recent ESP activity. If ESP traffic was received from the peer within
699 the last dpd_delay interval then no R_Y_THERE notification must be sent.
701 - strongSwan now supports the Relative Distinguished Name "unstructuredName"
702 in ID_DER_ASN1_DN identities. The following notations are possible:
704 rightid="unstructuredName=John Doe"
705 rightid="UN=John Doe"
707 - fixed a long-standing bug which caused PSK-based roadwarrior connections
708 to segfault in the function id.c:same_id() called by keys.c:get_secret()
709 if an FQDN, USER_FQDN, or Key ID was defined, as in the following example.
716 - the ipsec command now supports most ipsec auto commands (e.g. ipsec listall).
718 - ipsec starter didn't set host_addr and client.addr ports in whack msg.
720 - in order to guarantee backwards-compatibility with the script-based
721 auto function (e.g. auto --replace), the ipsec starter scripts stores
722 the defaultroute information in the temporary file /var/run/ipsec.info.
724 - The compile-time option USE_XAUTH_VID enables the sending of the XAUTH
725 Vendor ID which is expected by Cisco PIX 7 boxes that act as IKE Mode Config
728 - the ipsec starter now also recognizes the parameters authby=never and
729 type=passthrough|pass|drop|reject.
735 - ipsec starter now supports the also parameter which allows
736 a modular structure of the connection definitions. Thus
737 "ipsec start" is now ready to replace "ipsec setup".
743 - Mathieu Lafon's popular ipsec starter tool has been added to the
744 strongSwan distribution. Many thanks go to Stephan Scholz from astaro
745 for his integration work. ipsec starter is a C program which is going
746 to replace the various shell and awk starter scripts (setup, _plutoload,
747 _plutostart, _realsetup, _startklips, _confread, and auto). Since
748 ipsec.conf is now parsed only once, the starting of multiple tunnels is
749 accelerated tremedously.
751 - Added support of %defaultroute to the ipsec starter. If the IP address
752 changes, a HUP signal to the ipsec starter will automatically
753 reload pluto's connections.
755 - moved most compile time configurations from pluto/Makefile to
756 Makefile.inc by defining the options USE_LIBCURL, USE_LDAP,
757 USE_SMARTCARD, and USE_NAT_TRAVERSAL_TRANSPORT_MODE.
759 - removed the ipsec verify and ipsec newhostkey commands
761 - fixed some 64-bit issues in formatted print statements
763 - The scepclient functionality implementing the Simple Certificate
764 Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is nearly complete but hasn't been
771 - CA certicates are now automatically loaded from a smartcard
772 or USB crypto token and appear in the ipsec auto --listcacerts
779 - when using "ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>" with a PKCS#11
780 library that does not support the C_Encrypt() Cryptoki
781 function (e.g. OpenSC), the RSA encryption is done in
782 software using the public key fetched from the smartcard.
784 - The scepclient function now allows to define the
785 validity of a self-signed certificate using the --days,
786 --startdate, and --enddate options. The default validity
787 has been changed from one year to five years.
793 - the config setup parameter pkcs11proxy=yes opens pluto's PKCS#11
794 interface to other applications for RSA encryption and decryption
795 via the whack interface. Notation:
797 ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>
798 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
799 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
802 ipsec whack --scdecrypt <data>
803 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
804 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
807 The default setting for inbase and outbase is hex.
809 The new proxy interface can be used for securing symmetric
810 encryption keys required by the cryptoloop or dm-crypt
811 disk encryption schemes, especially in the case when
812 pkcs11keepstate=yes causes pluto to lock the pkcs11 slot
815 - if the file /etc/ipsec.secrets is lacking during the startup of
816 pluto then the root-readable file /etc/ipsec.d/private/myKey.der
817 containing a 2048 bit RSA private key and a matching self-signed
818 certificate stored in the file /etc/ipsec.d/certs/selfCert.der
819 is automatically generated by calling the function
821 ipsec scepclient --out pkcs1 --out cert-self
823 scepclient was written by Jan Hutter and Martin Willi, students
824 at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil, Switzerland.
830 - the current extension of the PKCS#7 framework introduced
831 a parsing error in PKCS#7 wrapped X.509 certificates that are
832 e.g. transmitted by Windows XP when multi-level CAs are used.
833 the parsing syntax has been fixed.
835 - added a patch by Gerald Richter which tolerates multiple occurrences
836 of the ipsec0 interface when using KLIPS.
842 - with gawk-3.1.4 the word "default2 has become a protected
843 keyword for use in switch statements and cannot be used any
844 more in the strongSwan scripts. This problem has been
845 solved by renaming "default" to "defaults" and "setdefault"
846 in the scripts _confread and auto, respectively.
848 - introduced the parameter leftsendcert with the values
850 always|yes (the default, always send a cert)
851 ifasked (send the cert only upon a cert request)
852 never|no (never send a cert, used for raw RSA keys and
855 - fixed the initialization of the ESP key length to a default of
856 128 bits in the case that the peer does not send a key length
857 attribute for AES encryption.
859 - applied Herbert Xu's uniqueIDs patch
861 - applied Herbert Xu's CLOEXEC patches
867 - CRLs can now be cached also in the case when the issuer's
868 certificate does not contain a subjectKeyIdentifier field.
869 In that case the subjectKeyIdentifier is computed by pluto as the
870 160 bit SHA-1 hash of the issuer's public key in compliance
871 with section 4.2.1.2 of RFC 3280.
873 - Fixed a bug introduced by strongswan-2.5.1 which eliminated
874 not only multiple Quick Modes of a given connection but also
875 multiple connections between two security gateways.
881 - Under the native IPsec of the Linux 2.6 kernel, a %trap eroute
882 installed either by setting auto=route in ipsec.conf or by
883 a connection put into hold, generates an XFRM_AQUIRE event
884 for each packet that wants to use the not-yet exisiting
885 tunnel. Up to now each XFRM_AQUIRE event led to an entry in
886 the Quick Mode queue, causing multiple IPsec SA to be
887 established in rapid succession. Starting with strongswan-2.5.1
888 only a single IPsec SA is established per host-pair connection.
890 - Right after loading the PKCS#11 module, all smartcard slots are
891 searched for certificates. The result can be viewed using
894 ipsec auto --listcards
896 The certificate objects found in the slots are numbered
897 starting with #1, #2, etc. This position number can be used to address
898 certificates (leftcert=%smartcard) and keys (: PIN %smartcard)
899 in ipsec.conf and ipsec.secrets, respectively:
901 %smartcard (selects object #1)
902 %smartcard#1 (selects object #1)
903 %smartcard#3 (selects object #3)
905 As an alternative the existing retrieval scheme can be used:
907 %smartcard:45 (selects object with id=45)
908 %smartcard0 (selects first object in slot 0)
909 %smartcard4:45 (selects object in slot 4 with id=45)
911 - Depending on the settings of CKA_SIGN and CKA_DECRYPT
912 private key flags either C_Sign() or C_Decrypt() is used
913 to generate a signature.
915 - The output buffer length parameter siglen in C_Sign()
916 is now initialized to the actual size of the output
917 buffer prior to the function call. This fixes the
918 CKR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL error that could occur when using
919 the OpenSC PKCS#11 module.
921 - Changed the initialization of the PKCS#11 CK_MECHANISM in
922 C_SignInit() to mech = { CKM_RSA_PKCS, NULL_PTR, 0 }.
924 - Refactored the RSA public/private key code and transferred it
925 from keys.c to the new pkcs1.c file as a preparatory step
926 towards the release of the SCEP client.
932 - The loading of a PKCS#11 smartcard library module during
933 runtime does not require OpenSC library functions any more
934 because the corresponding code has been integrated into
935 smartcard.c. Also the RSAREF pkcs11 header files have been
936 included in a newly created pluto/rsaref directory so that
937 no external include path has to be defined any longer.
939 - A long-awaited feature has been implemented at last:
940 The local caching of CRLs fetched via HTTP or LDAP, activated
941 by the parameter cachecrls=yes in the config setup section
942 of ipsec.conf. The dynamically fetched CRLs are stored under
943 a unique file name containing the issuer's subjectKeyID
944 in /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
946 - Applied a one-line patch courtesy of Michael Richardson
947 from the Openswan project which fixes the kernel-oops
948 in KLIPS when an snmp daemon is running on the same box.
954 - Eliminated null length CRL distribution point strings.
956 - Fixed a trust path evaluation bug introduced with 2.4.3
962 - Improved the joint OCSP / CRL revocation policy.
963 OCSP responses have precedence over CRL entries.
965 - Introduced support of CRLv2 reason codes.
967 - Fixed a bug with key-pad equipped readers which caused
968 pluto to prompt for the pin via the console when the first
969 occasion to enter the pin via the key-pad was missed.
971 - When pluto is built with LDAP_V3 enabled, the library
972 liblber required by newer versions of openldap is now
979 - Added the _updown_espmark template which requires all
980 incoming ESP traffic to be marked with a default mark
983 - Introduced the pkcs11keepstate parameter in the config setup
984 section of ipsec.conf. With pkcs11keepstate=yes the PKCS#11
985 session and login states are kept as long as possible during
986 the lifetime of pluto. This means that a PIN entry via a key
987 pad has to be done only once.
989 - Introduced the pkcs11module parameter in the config setup
990 section of ipsec.conf which specifies the PKCS#11 module
991 to be used with smart cards. Example:
993 pkcs11module=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.lo
995 - Added support of smartcard readers equipped with a PIN pad.
997 - Added patch by Jay Pfeifer which detects when netkey
998 modules have been statically built into the Linux 2.6 kernel.
1000 - Added two patches by Herbert Xu. The first uses ip xfrm
1001 instead of setkey to flush the IPsec policy database. The
1002 second sets the optional flag in inbound IPComp SAs only.
1004 - Applied Ulrich Weber's patch which fixes an interoperability
1005 problem between native IPsec and KLIPS systems caused by
1006 setting the replay window to 32 instead of 0 for ipcomp.
1012 - Fixed a bug which caused an unwanted Mode Config request
1013 to be initiated in the case where "right" was used to denote
1014 the local side in ipsec.conf and "left" the remote side,
1015 contrary to the recommendation that "right" be remote and
1022 - updated Vendor ID to strongSwan-2.4.0
1024 - updated copyright statement to include David Buechi and
1031 - strongSwan now communicates with attached smartcards and
1032 USB crypto tokens via the standardized PKCS #11 interface.
1033 By default the OpenSC library from www.opensc.org is used
1034 but any other PKCS#11 library could be dynamically linked.
1035 strongSwan's PKCS#11 API was implemented by David Buechi
1036 and Michael Meier, both graduates of the Zurich University
1037 of Applied Sciences in Winterthur, Switzerland.
1039 - When a %trap eroute is triggered by an outgoing IP packet
1040 then the native IPsec stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel [often/
1041 always?] returns an XFRM_ACQUIRE message with an undefined
1042 protocol family field and the connection setup fails.
1043 As a workaround IPv4 (AF_INET) is now assumed.
1045 - the results of the UML test scenarios are now enhanced
1046 with block diagrams of the virtual network topology used
1047 in a particular test.
1053 - fixed IV used to decrypt informational messages.
1054 This bug was introduced with Mode Config functionality.
1056 - fixed NCP Vendor ID.
1058 - undid one of Ulrich Weber's maximum udp size patches
1059 because it caused a segmentation fault with NAT-ed
1062 - added UML scenarios wildcards and attr-cert which
1063 demonstrate the implementation of IPsec policies based
1064 on wildcard parameters contained in Distinguished Names and
1065 on X.509 attribute certificates, respectively.
1071 - Added basic Mode Config functionality
1073 - Added Mathieu Lafon's patch which upgrades the status of
1074 the NAT-Traversal implementation to RFC 3947.
1076 - The _startklips script now also loads the xfrm4_tunnel
1079 - Added Ulrich Weber's netlink replay window size and
1080 maximum udp size patches.
1082 - UML testing now uses the Linux 2.6.10 UML kernel by default.
1088 - Eric Marchionni and Patrik Rayo, both recent graduates from
1089 the Zuercher Hochschule Winterthur in Switzerland, created a
1090 User-Mode-Linux test setup for strongSwan. For more details
1091 please read the INSTALL and README documents in the testing
1094 - Full support of group attributes based on X.509 attribute
1095 certificates. Attribute certificates can be generated
1096 using the openac facility. For more details see
1100 The group attributes can be used in connection definitions
1101 in order to give IPsec access to specific user groups.
1102 This is done with the new parameter left|rightgroups as in
1104 rightgroups="Research, Sales"
1106 giving access to users possessing the group attributes
1107 Research or Sales, only.
1109 - In Quick Mode clients with subnet mask /32 are now
1110 coded as IP_V4_ADDRESS or IP_V6_ADDRESS. This should
1111 fix rekeying problems with the SafeNet/SoftRemote and NCP
1112 Secure Entry Clients.
1114 - Changed the defaults of the ikelifetime and keylife parameters
1115 to 3h and 1h, respectively. The maximum allowable values are
1116 now both set to 24 h.
1118 - Suppressed notification wars between two IPsec peers that
1119 could e.g. be triggered by incorrect ISAKMP encryption.
1121 - Public RSA keys can now have identical IDs if either the
1122 issuing CA or the serial number is different. The serial
1123 number of a certificate is now shown by the command
1125 ipsec auto --listpubkeys
1131 - Added Tuomo Soini's sourceip feature which allows a strongSwan
1132 roadwarrior to use a fixed Virtual IP (see README section 2.6)
1133 and reduces the well-known four tunnel case on VPN gateways to
1134 a single tunnel definition (see README section 2.4).
1136 - Fixed a bug occuring with NAT-Traversal enabled when the responder
1137 suddenly turns initiator and the initiator cannot find a matching
1138 connection because of the floated IKE port 4500.
1140 - Removed misleading ipsec verify command from barf.
1142 - Running under the native IP stack, ipsec --version now shows
1143 the Linux kernel version (courtesy to the Openswan project).
1149 - Introduced the ipsec auto --listalgs monitoring command which lists
1150 all currently registered IKE and ESP algorithms.
1152 - Fixed a bug in the ESP algorithm selection occuring when the strict flag
1153 is set and the first proposed transform does not match.
1155 - Fixed another deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex,
1156 occuring when a smartcard is present.
1158 - Prevented that a superseded Phase1 state can trigger a DPD_TIMEOUT event.
1160 - Fixed the printing of the notification names (null)
1162 - Applied another of Herbert Xu's Netlink patches.
1168 - Support of Dead Peer Detection. The connection parameter
1170 dpdaction=clear|hold
1172 activates DPD for the given connection.
1174 - The default Opportunistic Encryption (OE) policy groups are not
1175 automatically included anymore. Those wishing to activate OE can include
1176 the policy group with the following statement in ipsec.conf:
1178 include /etc/ipsec.d/examples/oe.conf
1180 The default for [right|left]rsasigkey is now set to %cert.
1182 - strongSwan now has a Vendor ID of its own which can be activated
1183 using the compile option VENDORID
1185 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch which sets the compression algorithm correctly.
1187 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch fixing an ESPINUDP problem
1189 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch setting source/destination port numbers.
1191 - Reapplied one of Herbert Xu's NAT-Traversal patches which got
1192 lost during the migration from SuperFreeS/WAN.
1194 - Fixed a deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex.
1196 - Fixed the unsharing of alg parameters when instantiating group
1203 - Thomas Walpuski made me aware of a potential DoS attack via
1204 a PKCS#7-wrapped certificate bundle which could overwrite valid CA
1205 certificates in Pluto's authority certificate store. This vulnerability
1206 was fixed by establishing trust in CA candidate certificates up to a
1207 trusted root CA prior to insertion into Pluto's chained list.
1209 - replaced the --assign option by the -v option in the auto awk script
1210 in order to make it run with mawk under debian/woody.
1216 - Split of the status information between ipsec auto --status (concise)
1217 and ipsec auto --statusall (verbose). Both commands can be used with
1218 an optional connection selector:
1220 ipsec auto --status[all] <connection_name>
1222 - Added the description of X.509 related features to the ipsec_auto(8)
1225 - Hardened the ASN.1 parser in debug mode, especially the printing
1226 of malformed distinguished names.
1228 - The size of an RSA public key received in a certificate is now restricted to
1230 512 bits <= modulus length <= 8192 bits.
1232 - Fixed the debug mode enumeration.
1238 - Fixed another PKCS#7 vulnerability which could lead to an
1239 endless loop while following the X.509 trust chain.
1245 - Fixed the PKCS#7 vulnerability discovered by Thomas Walpuski
1246 that accepted end certificates having identical issuer and subject
1247 distinguished names in a multi-tier X.509 trust chain.
1253 - Removed all remaining references to ipsec_netlink.h in KLIPS.
1259 - The new "ca" section allows to define the following parameters:
1262 cacert=koolCA.pem # cacert of kool CA
1263 ocspuri=http://ocsp.kool.net:8001 # ocsp server
1264 ldapserver=ldap.kool.net # default ldap server
1265 crluri=http://www.kool.net/kool.crl # crl distribution point
1266 crluri2="ldap:///O=Kool, C= .." # crl distribution point #2
1267 auto=add # add, ignore
1269 The ca definitions can be monitored via the command
1271 ipsec auto --listcainfos
1273 - Fixed cosmetic corruption of /proc filesystem by integrating
1274 D. Hugh Redelmeier's freeswan-2.06 kernel fixes.
1280 - Added support for the 818043 NAT-Traversal update of Microsoft's
1281 Windows 2000/XP IPsec client which sends an ID_FQDN during Quick Mode.
1283 - A symbolic link to libcrypto is now added in the kernel sources
1284 during kernel compilation
1286 - Fixed a couple of 64 bit issues (mostly casts to int).
1287 Thanks to Ken Bantoft who checked my sources on a 64 bit platform.
1289 - Replaced s[n]printf() statements in the kernel by ipsec_snprintf().
1290 Credits go to D. Hugh Redelmeier, Michael Richardson, and Sam Sgro
1291 of the FreeS/WAN team who solved this problem with the 2.4.25 kernel.
1297 - an empty ASN.1 SEQUENCE OF or SET OF object (e.g. a subjectAltName
1298 certificate extension which contains no generalName item) can cause
1299 a pluto crash. This bug has been fixed. Additionally the ASN.1 parser has
1300 been hardened to make it more robust against malformed ASN.1 objects.
1302 - applied Herbert Xu's NAT-T patches which fixes NAT-T under the native
1303 Linux 2.6 IPsec stack.
1309 - based on freeswan-2.04, x509-1.5.3, nat-0.6c, alg-0.8.1rc12