4 - Consistent logging of IKE and CHILD SAs at the audit (AUD) level.
6 - Improved the performance of the SQL-based virtual IP address pool
7 by introducing an additional addresses table. The leases table
8 storing only history information has become optional and can be
9 disabled by setting charon.plugins.sql.lease_history = no in
12 - The XFRM_STATE_AF_UNSPEC flag added to xfrm.h allows IPv4-over-IPv6
13 and IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnels with the 2.6.26 and later Linux kernels.
15 - management of different virtual IP pools for different
16 network interfaces have become possible.
18 - fixed a bug which prevented the assignment of more than 256
19 virtual IP addresses from a pool managed by an sql database.
21 - fixed a bug which did not delete own IPCOMP SAs in the kernel.
27 - Added statistics functions to ipsec pool --status and ipsec pool --leases
28 and input validation checks to various ipsec pool commands.
30 - ipsec statusall now lists all loaded charon plugins and displays
31 the negotiated IKEv2 cipher suite proposals.
33 - The openssl plugin supports the elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman groups
34 19, 20, 21, 25, and 26.
36 - The openssl plugin supports ECDSA authentication using elliptic curve
39 - Fixed a bug in stroke which caused multiple charon threads to close
40 the file descriptors during packet transfers over the stroke socket.
42 - ESP sequence numbers are now migrated in IPsec SA updates handled by
43 MOBIKE. Works only with Linux kernels >= 2.6.17.
49 - Fixed the strongswan.conf path configuration problem that occurred when
50 --sysconfig was not set explicitly in ./configure.
52 - Fixed a number of minor bugs that where discovered during the 4th
53 IKEv2 interoperability workshop in San Antonio, TX.
59 - Plugins for libstrongswan and charon can optionally be loaded according
60 to a configuration in strongswan.conf. Most components provide a
61 "load = " option followed by a space separated list of plugins to load.
62 This allows e.g. the fallback from a hardware crypto accelerator to
63 to software-based crypto plugins.
65 - Charons SQL plugin has been extended by a virtual IP address pool.
66 Configurations with a rightsourceip=%poolname setting query a SQLite or
67 MySQL database for leases. The "ipsec pool" command helps in administrating
68 the pool database. See ipsec pool --help for the available options
70 - The Authenticated Encryption Algorithms AES-CCM-8/12/16 and AES-GCM-8/12/16
71 for ESP are now supported starting with the Linux 2.6.25 kernel. The
72 syntax is e.g. esp=aes128ccm12 or esp=aes256gcm16.
78 - Support for "Hash and URL" encoded certificate payloads has been implemented
79 in the IKEv2 daemon charon. Using the "certuribase" option of a CA section
80 allows to assign a base URL to all certificates issued by the specified CA.
81 The final URL is then built by concatenating that base and the hex encoded
82 SHA1 hash of the DER encoded certificate. Note that this feature is disabled
83 by default and must be enabled using the option "charon.hash_and_url".
85 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports the "uniqueids" option to close multiple
86 IKE_SAs with the same peer. The option value "keep" prefers existing
87 connection setups over new ones, where the value "replace" replaces existing
90 - The crypto factory in libstrongswan additionaly supports random number
91 generators, plugins may provide other sources of randomness. The default
92 plugin reads raw random data from /dev/(u)random.
94 - Extended the credential framework by a caching option to allow plugins
95 persistent caching of fetched credentials. The "cachecrl" option has been
98 - The new trustchain verification introduced in 4.2.0 has been parallelized.
99 Threads fetching CRL or OCSP information no longer block other threads.
101 - A new IKEv2 configuration attribute framework has been introduced allowing
102 plugins to provide virtual IP addresses, and in the future, other
103 configuration attribute services (e.g. DNS/WINS servers).
105 - The stroke plugin has been extended to provide virtual IP addresses from
106 a pool defined in ipsec.conf. The "rightsourceip" parameter now accepts
107 address pools in CIDR notation (e.g. 10.1.1.0/24). The parameter also accepts
108 the value "%poolname", where "poolname" identifies a pool provided by a
111 - Fixed compilation on uClibc and a couple of other minor bugs.
113 - Set DPD defaults in ipsec starter to dpd_delay=30s and dpd_timeout=150s.
115 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the ESP encryption algorithm CAMELLIA
116 with key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, as well as the authentication
117 algorithm AES_XCBC_MAC. Configuration example: esp=camellia192-aesxcbc.
123 - libstrongswan has been modularized to attach crypto algorithms,
124 credential implementations (keys, certificates) and fetchers dynamically
125 through plugins. Existing code has been ported to plugins:
126 - RSA/Diffie-Hellman implementation using the GNU Multi Precision library
127 - X509 certificate system supporting CRLs, OCSP and attribute certificates
128 - Multiple plugins providing crypto algorithms in software
129 - CURL and OpenLDAP fetcher
131 - libstrongswan gained a relational database API which uses pluggable database
132 providers. Plugins for MySQL and SQLite are available.
134 - The IKEv2 keying daemon charon is more extensible. Generic plugins may provide
135 connection configuration, credentials and EAP methods or control the daemon.
136 Existing code has been ported to plugins:
137 - EAP-AKA, EAP-SIM, EAP-MD5 and EAP-Identity
138 - stroke configuration, credential and control (compatible to pluto)
139 - XML bases management protocol to control and query the daemon
140 The following new plugins are available:
141 - An experimental SQL configuration, credential and logging plugin on
142 top of either MySQL or SQLite
143 - A unit testing plugin to run tests at daemon startup
145 - The authentication and credential framework in charon has been heavily
146 refactored to support modular credential providers, proper
147 CERTREQ/CERT payload exchanges and extensible authorization rules.
149 - The framework of strongSwan Manager has envolved to the web application
150 framework libfast (FastCGI Application Server w/ Templates) and is usable
151 by other applications.
157 - IKE rekeying in NAT situations did not inherit the NAT conditions
158 to the rekeyed IKE_SA so that the UDP encapsulation was lost with
159 the next CHILD_SA rekeying.
161 - Wrong type definition of the next_payload variable in id_payload.c
162 caused an INVALID_SYNTAX error on PowerPC platforms.
164 - Implemented IKEv2 EAP-SIM server and client test modules that use
165 triplets stored in a file. For details on the configuration see
166 the scenario 'ikev2/rw-eap-sim-rsa'.
172 - Fixed error in the ordering of the certinfo_t records in the ocsp cache that
173 caused multiple entries of the same serial number to be created.
175 - Implementation of a simple EAP-MD5 module which provides CHAP
176 authentication. This may be interesting in conjunction with certificate
177 based server authentication, as weak passwords can't be brute forced
178 (in contradiction to traditional IKEv2 PSK).
180 - A complete software based implementation of EAP-AKA, using algorithms
181 specified in 3GPP2 (S.S0055). This implementation does not use an USIM,
182 but reads the secrets from ipsec.secrets. Make sure to read eap_aka.h
185 - Support for vendor specific EAP methods using Expanded EAP types. The
186 interface to EAP modules has been slightly changed, so make sure to
187 check the changes if you're already rolling your own modules.
193 - The default _updown script now dynamically inserts and removes ip6tables
194 firewall rules if leftfirewall=yes is set in IPv6 connections. New IPv6
195 net-net and roadwarrior (PSK/RSA) scenarios for both IKEv1 and IKEV2 were
198 - Implemented RFC4478 repeated authentication to force EAP/Virtual-IP clients
199 to reestablish an IKE_SA within a given timeframe.
201 - strongSwan Manager supports configuration listing, initiation and termination
202 of IKE and CHILD_SAs.
204 - Fixes and improvements to multithreading code.
206 - IKEv2 plugins have been renamed to libcharon-* to avoid naming conflicts.
207 Make sure to remove the old plugins in $libexecdir/ipsec, otherwise they get
214 - Removed recursive pthread mutexes since uClibc doesn't support them.
220 - In NAT traversal situations and multiple queued Quick Modes,
221 those pending connections inserted by auto=start after the
222 port floating from 500 to 4500 were erronously deleted.
224 - Added a "forceencaps" connection parameter to enforce UDP encapsulation
225 to surmount restrictive firewalls. NAT detection payloads are faked to
226 simulate a NAT situation and trick the other peer into NAT mode (IKEv2 only).
228 - Preview of strongSwan Manager, a web based configuration and monitoring
229 application. It uses a new XML control interface to query the IKEv2 daemon
230 (see http://trac.strongswan.org/wiki/Manager).
232 - Experimental SQLite configuration backend which will provide the configuration
233 interface for strongSwan Manager in future releases.
235 - Further improvements to MOBIKE support.
241 - Since some third party IKEv2 implementations run into
242 problems with strongSwan announcing MOBIKE capability per
243 default, MOBIKE can be disabled on a per-connection-basis
244 using the mobike=no option. Whereas mobike=no disables the
245 sending of the MOBIKE_SUPPORTED notification and the floating
246 to UDP port 4500 with the IKE_AUTH request even if no NAT
247 situation has been detected, strongSwan will still support
248 MOBIKE acting as a responder.
250 - the default ipsec routing table plus its corresponding priority
251 used for inserting source routes has been changed from 100 to 220.
252 It can be configured using the --with-ipsec-routing-table and
253 --with-ipsec-routing-table-prio options.
255 - the --enable-integrity-test configure option tests the
256 integrity of the libstrongswan crypto code during the charon
259 - the --disable-xauth-vid configure option disables the sending
260 of the XAUTH vendor ID. This can be used as a workaround when
261 interoperating with some Windows VPN clients that get into
262 trouble upon reception of an XAUTH VID without eXtended
263 AUTHentication having been configured.
265 - ipsec stroke now supports the rereadsecrets, rereadaacerts,
266 rereadacerts, and listacerts options.
272 - If a DNS lookup failure occurs when resolving right=%<FQDN>
273 or right=<FQDN> combined with rightallowany=yes then the
274 connection is not updated by ipsec starter thus preventing
275 the disruption of an active IPsec connection. Only if the DNS
276 lookup successfully returns with a changed IP address the
277 corresponding connection definition is updated.
279 - Routes installed by the keying daemons are now in a separate
280 routing table with the ID 100 to avoid conflicts with the main
281 table. Route lookup for IKEv2 traffic is done in userspace to ignore
282 routes installed for IPsec, as IKE traffic shouldn't get encapsulated.
288 - The pluto IKEv1 daemon now exhibits the same behaviour as its
289 IKEv2 companion charon by inserting an explicit route via the
290 _updown script only if a sourceip exists. This is admissible
291 since routing through the IPsec tunnel is handled automatically
292 by NETKEY's IPsec policies. As a consequence the left|rightnexthop
293 parameter is not required any more.
295 - The new IKEv1 parameter right|leftallowany parameters helps to handle
296 the case where both peers possess dynamic IP addresses that are
297 usually resolved using DynDNS or a similar service. The configuration
302 can be used by the initiator to start up a connection to a peer
303 by resolving peer.foo.bar into the currently allocated IP address.
304 Thanks to the rightallowany flag the connection behaves later on
309 so that the peer can rekey the connection as an initiator when his
310 IP address changes. An alternative notation is
314 which will implicitly set rightallowany=yes.
316 - ipsec starter now fails more gracefully in the presence of parsing
317 errors. Flawed ca and conn section are discarded and pluto is started
318 if non-fatal errors only were encountered. If right=%peer.foo.bar
319 cannot be resolved by DNS then right=%any will be used so that passive
320 connections as a responder are still possible.
322 - The new pkcs11initargs parameter that can be placed in the
323 setup config section of /etc/ipsec.conf allows the definition
324 of an argument string that is used with the PKCS#11 C_Initialize()
325 function. This non-standard feature is required by the NSS softoken
326 library. This patch was contributed by Robert Varga.
328 - Fixed a bug in ipsec starter introduced by strongswan-2.8.5
329 which caused a segmentation fault in the presence of unknown
330 or misspelt keywords in ipsec.conf. This bug fix was contributed
333 - Partial support for MOBIKE in IKEv2. The initiator acts on interface/
334 address configuration changes and updates IKE and IPsec SAs dynamically.
340 - IKEv2 peer configuration selection now can be based on a given
341 certification authority using the rightca= statement.
343 - IKEv2 authentication based on RSA signatures now can handle multiple
344 certificates issued for a given peer ID. This allows a smooth transition
345 in the case of a peer certificate renewal.
347 - IKEv2: Support for requesting a specific virtual IP using leftsourceip on the
348 client and returning requested virtual IPs using rightsourceip=%config
349 on the server. If the server does not support configuration payloads, the
350 client enforces its leftsourceip parameter.
352 - The ./configure options --with-uid/--with-gid allow pluto and charon
353 to drop their privileges to a minimum and change to an other UID/GID. This
354 improves the systems security, as a possible intruder may only get the
355 CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.
357 - Further modularization of charon: Pluggable control interface and
358 configuration backend modules provide extensibility. The control interface
359 for stroke is included, and further interfaces using DBUS (NetworkManager)
360 or XML are on the way. A backend for storing configurations in the daemon
361 is provided and more advanced backends (using e.g. a database) are trivial
364 - Fixed a compilation failure in libfreeswan occuring with Linux kernel
371 - Support for an additional Diffie-Hellman exchange when creating/rekeying
372 a CHILD_SA in IKEv2 (PFS). PFS is enabled when the proposal contains a
373 DH group (e.g. "esp=aes128-sha1-modp1536"). Further, DH group negotiation
374 is implemented properly for rekeying.
376 - Support for the AES-XCBC-96 MAC algorithm for IPsec SAs when using IKEv2
377 (requires linux >= 2.6.20). It is enabled using e.g. "esp=aes256-aesxcbc".
379 - Working IPv4-in-IPv6 and IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels for linux >= 2.6.21.
381 - Added support for EAP modules which do not establish an MSK.
383 - Removed the dependencies from the /usr/include/linux/ headers by
384 including xfrm.h, ipsec.h, and pfkeyv2.h in the distribution.
386 - crlNumber is now listed by ipsec listcrls
388 - The xauth_modules.verify_secret() function now passes the
395 - Server side cookie support. If to may IKE_SAs are in CONNECTING state,
396 cookies are enabled and protect against DoS attacks with faked source
397 addresses. Number of IKE_SAs in CONNECTING state is also limited per
398 peer address to avoid resource exhaustion. IKE_SA_INIT messages are
399 compared to properly detect retransmissions and incoming retransmits are
400 detected even if the IKE_SA is blocked (e.g. doing OCSP fetches).
402 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports dynamic http- and ldap-based CRL
403 fetching enabled by crlcheckinterval > 0 and caching fetched CRLs
404 enabled by cachecrls=yes.
406 - Added the configuration options --enable-nat-transport which enables
407 the potentially insecure NAT traversal for IPsec transport mode and
408 --disable-vendor-id which disables the sending of the strongSwan
411 - Fixed a long-standing bug in the pluto IKEv1 daemon which caused
412 a segmentation fault if a malformed payload was detected in the
413 IKE MR2 message and pluto tried to send an encrypted notification
416 - Added the NATT_IETF_02_N Vendor ID in order to support IKEv1 connections
417 with Windows 2003 Server which uses a wrong VID hash.
423 - Support of SHA2_384 hash function for protecting IKEv1
424 negotiations and support of SHA2 signatures in X.509 certificates.
426 - Fixed a serious bug in the computation of the SHA2-512 HMAC
427 function. Introduced automatic self-test of all IKEv1 hash
428 and hmac functions during pluto startup. Failure of a self-test
429 currently issues a warning only but does not exit pluto [yet].
431 - Support for SHA2-256/384/512 PRF and HMAC functions in IKEv2.
433 - Full support of CA information sections. ipsec listcainfos
434 now shows all collected crlDistributionPoints and OCSP
437 - Support of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) for IKEv2.
438 This feature requires the HTTP fetching capabilities of the libcurl
439 library which must be enabled by setting the --enable-http configure
442 - Refactored core of the IKEv2 message processing code, allowing better
443 code reuse and separation.
445 - Virtual IP support in IKEv2 using INTERNAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS configuration
446 payload. Additionally, the INTERNAL_IP4/6_DNS attribute is interpreted
447 by the requestor and installed in a resolv.conf file.
449 - The IKEv2 daemon charon installs a route for each IPsec policy to use
450 the correct source address even if an application does not explicitly
453 - Integrated the EAP framework into charon which loads pluggable EAP library
454 modules. The ipsec.conf parameter authby=eap initiates EAP authentication
455 on the client side, while the "eap" parameter on the server side defines
456 the EAP method to use for client authentication.
457 A generic client side EAP-Identity module and an EAP-SIM authentication
458 module using a third party card reader implementation are included.
460 - Added client side support for cookies.
462 - Integrated the fixes done at the IKEv2 interoperability bakeoff, including
463 strict payload order, correct INVALID_KE_PAYLOAD rejection and other minor
464 fixes to enhance interoperability with other implementations.
470 - strongSwan now interoperates with the NCP Secure Entry Client,
471 the Shrew Soft VPN Client, and the Cisco VPN client, doing both
472 XAUTH and Mode Config.
474 - UNITY attributes are now recognized and UNITY_BANNER is set
481 - IKEv1: Support for extended authentication (XAUTH) in combination
482 with ISAKMP Main Mode RSA or PSK authentication. Both client and
483 server side were implemented. Handling of user credentials can
484 be done by a run-time loadable XAUTH module. By default user
485 credentials are stored in ipsec.secrets.
487 - IKEv2: Support for reauthentication when rekeying
489 - IKEv2: Support for transport mode
491 - fixed a lot of bugs related to byte order
493 - various other bugfixes
499 - IKEv1: Implementation of ModeConfig push mode via the new connection
500 keyword modeconfig=push allows interoperability with Cisco VPN gateways.
502 - IKEv1: The command ipsec statusall now shows "DPD active" for all
503 ISAKMP SAs that are under active Dead Peer Detection control.
505 - IKEv2: Charon's logging and debugging framework has been completely rewritten.
506 Instead of logger, special printf() functions are used to directly
507 print objects like hosts (%H) identifications (%D), certificates (%Q),
508 etc. The number of debugging levels have been reduced to:
510 0 (audit), 1 (control), 2 (controlmore), 3 (raw), 4 (private)
512 The debugging levels can either be specified statically in ipsec.conf as
515 charondebug="lib 1, cfg 3, net 2"
517 or changed at runtime via stroke as
519 ipsec stroke loglevel cfg 2
525 - Implemented full support for IPv6-in-IPv6 tunnels.
527 - Added configuration options for dead peer detection in IKEv2. dpd_action
528 types "clear", "hold" and "restart" are supported. The dpd_timeout
529 value is not used, as the normal retransmission policy applies to
530 detect dead peers. The dpd_delay parameter enables sending of empty
531 informational message to detect dead peers in case of inactivity.
533 - Added support for preshared keys in IKEv2. PSK keys configured in
534 ipsec.secrets are loaded. The authby parameter specifies the authentication
535 method to authentificate ourself, the other peer may use PSK or RSA.
537 - Changed retransmission policy to respect the keyingtries parameter.
539 - Added private key decryption. PEM keys encrypted with AES-128/192/256
540 or 3DES are supported.
542 - Implemented DES/3DES algorithms in libstrongswan. 3DES can be used to
545 - Implemented SHA-256/384/512 in libstrongswan, allows usage of certificates
546 signed with such a hash algorithm.
548 - Added initial support for updown scripts. The actions up-host/client and
549 down-host/client are executed. The leftfirewall=yes parameter
550 uses the default updown script to insert dynamic firewall rules, a custom
551 updown script may be specified with the leftupdown parameter.
557 - Added support for the auto=route ipsec.conf parameter and the
558 ipsec route/unroute commands for IKEv2. This allows to set up IKE_SAs and
559 CHILD_SAs dynamically on demand when traffic is detected by the
562 - Added support for rekeying IKE_SAs in IKEv2 using the ikelifetime parameter.
563 As specified in IKEv2, no reauthentication is done (unlike in IKEv1), only
564 new keys are generated using perfect forward secrecy. An optional flag
565 which enforces reauthentication will be implemented later.
567 - "sha" and "sha1" are now treated as synonyms in the ike= and esp=
568 algorithm configuration statements.
574 - Full X.509 certificate trust chain verification has been implemented.
575 End entity certificates can be exchanged via CERT payloads. The current
576 default is leftsendcert=always, since CERTREQ payloads are not supported
577 yet. Optional CRLs must be imported locally into /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
579 - Added support for leftprotoport/rightprotoport parameters in IKEv2. IKEv2
580 would offer more possibilities for traffic selection, but the Linux kernel
581 currently does not support it. That's why we stick with these simple
582 ipsec.conf rules for now.
584 - Added Dead Peer Detection (DPD) which checks liveliness of remote peer if no
585 IKE or ESP traffic is received. DPD is currently hardcoded (dpdaction=clear,
588 - Initial NAT traversal support in IKEv2. Charon includes NAT detection
589 notify payloads to detect NAT routers between the peers. It switches
590 to port 4500, uses UDP encapsulated ESP packets, handles peer address
591 changes gracefully and sends keep alive message periodically.
593 - Reimplemented IKE_SA state machine for charon, which allows simultaneous
594 rekeying, more shared code, cleaner design, proper retransmission
595 and a more extensible code base.
597 - The mixed PSK/RSA roadwarrior detection capability introduced by the
598 strongswan-2.7.0 release necessitated the pre-parsing of the IKE proposal
599 payloads by the responder right before any defined IKE Main Mode state had
600 been established. Although any form of bad proposal syntax was being correctly
601 detected by the payload parser, the subsequent error handler didn't check
602 the state pointer before logging current state information, causing an
603 immediate crash of the pluto keying daemon due to a NULL pointer.
609 - Added algorithm selection to charon: New default algorithms for
610 ike=aes128-sha-modp2048, as both daemons support it. The default
611 for IPsec SAs is now esp=aes128-sha,3des-md5. charon handles
612 the ike/esp parameter the same way as pluto. As this syntax does
613 not allow specification of a pseudo random function, the same
614 algorithm as for integrity is used (currently sha/md5). Supported
616 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256
617 Integrity/PRF: md5, sha (using hmac)
618 DH-Groups: modp768, 1024, 1536, 2048, 4096, 8192
620 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256, 3des, blowfish128,
621 blowfish192, blowfish256
623 More IKE encryption algorithms will come after porting libcrypto into
626 - initial support for rekeying CHILD_SAs using IKEv2. Currently no
627 perfect forward secrecy is used. The rekeying parameters rekey,
628 rekeymargin, rekeyfuzz and keylife from ipsec.conf are now supported
629 when using IKEv2. WARNING: charon currently is unable to handle
630 simultaneous rekeying. To avoid such a situation, use a large
631 rekeyfuzz, or even better, set rekey=no on one peer.
633 - support for host2host, net2net, host2net (roadwarrior) tunnels
634 using predefined RSA certificates (see uml scenarios for
635 configuration examples).
637 - new build environment featuring autotools. Features such
638 as HTTP, LDAP and smartcard support may be enabled using
639 the ./configure script. Changing install directories
640 is possible, too. See ./configure --help for more details.
642 - better integration of charon with ipsec starter, which allows
643 (almost) transparent operation with both daemons. charon
644 handles ipsec commands up, down, status, statusall, listall,
645 listcerts and allows proper load, reload and delete of connections
652 - initial support of the IKEv2 protocol. Connections in
653 ipsec.conf designated by keyexchange=ikev2 are negotiated
654 by the new IKEv2 charon keying daemon whereas those marked
655 by keyexchange=ikev1 or the default keyexchange=ike are
656 handled thy the IKEv1 pluto keying daemon. Currently only
657 a limited subset of functions are available with IKEv2
658 (Default AES encryption, authentication based on locally
659 imported X.509 certificates, unencrypted private RSA keys
660 in PKCS#1 file format, limited functionality of the ipsec
667 - the dynamic iptables rules from the _updown_x509 template
668 for KLIPS and the _updown_policy template for NETKEY have
669 been merged into the default _updown script. The existing
670 left|rightfirewall keyword causes the automatic insertion
671 and deletion of ACCEPT rules for tunneled traffic upon
672 the successful setup and teardown of an IPsec SA, respectively.
673 left|rightfirwall can be used with KLIPS under any Linux 2.4
674 kernel or with NETKEY under a Linux kernel version >= 2.6.16
675 in conjuction with iptables >= 1.3.5. For NETKEY under a Linux
676 kernel version < 2.6.16 which does not support IPsec policy
677 matching yet, please continue to use a copy of the _updown_espmark
678 template loaded via the left|rightupdown keyword.
680 - a new left|righthostaccess keyword has been introduced which
681 can be used in conjunction with left|rightfirewall and the
682 default _updown script. By default leftfirewall=yes inserts
683 a bi-directional iptables FORWARD rule for a local client network
684 with a netmask different from 255.255.255.255 (single host).
685 This does not allow to access the VPN gateway host via its
686 internal network interface which is part of the client subnet
687 because an iptables INPUT and OUTPUT rule would be required.
688 lefthostaccess=yes will cause this additional ACCEPT rules to
691 - mixed PSK|RSA roadwarriors are now supported. The ISAKMP proposal
692 payload is preparsed in order to find out whether the roadwarrior
693 requests PSK or RSA so that a matching connection candidate can
700 - the new _updown_policy template allows ipsec policy based
701 iptables firewall rules. Required are iptables version
702 >= 1.3.5 and linux kernel >= 2.6.16. This script obsoletes
703 the _updown_espmark template, so that no INPUT mangle rules
704 are required any more.
706 - added support of DPD restart mode
708 - ipsec starter now allows the use of wildcards in include
709 statements as e.g. in "include /etc/my_ipsec/*.conf".
710 Patch courtesy of Matthias Haas.
712 - the Netscape OID 'employeeNumber' is now recognized and can be
713 used as a Relative Distinguished Name in certificates.
719 - /etc/init.d/ipsec or /etc/rc.d/ipsec is now a copy of the ipsec
720 command and not of ipsec setup any more.
722 - ipsec starter now supports AH authentication in conjunction with
723 ESP encryption. AH authentication is configured in ipsec.conf
724 via the auth=ah parameter.
726 - The command ipsec scencrypt|scdecrypt <args> is now an alias for
727 ipsec whack --scencrypt|scdecrypt <args>.
729 - get_sa_info() now determines for the native netkey IPsec stack
730 the exact time of the last use of an active eroute. This information
731 is used by the Dead Peer Detection algorithm and is also displayed by
732 the ipsec status command.
738 - running under the native Linux 2.6 IPsec stack, the function
739 get_sa_info() is called by ipsec auto --status to display the current
740 number of transmitted bytes per IPsec SA.
742 - get_sa_info() is also used by the Dead Peer Detection process to detect
743 recent ESP activity. If ESP traffic was received from the peer within
744 the last dpd_delay interval then no R_Y_THERE notification must be sent.
746 - strongSwan now supports the Relative Distinguished Name "unstructuredName"
747 in ID_DER_ASN1_DN identities. The following notations are possible:
749 rightid="unstructuredName=John Doe"
750 rightid="UN=John Doe"
752 - fixed a long-standing bug which caused PSK-based roadwarrior connections
753 to segfault in the function id.c:same_id() called by keys.c:get_secret()
754 if an FQDN, USER_FQDN, or Key ID was defined, as in the following example.
761 - the ipsec command now supports most ipsec auto commands (e.g. ipsec listall).
763 - ipsec starter didn't set host_addr and client.addr ports in whack msg.
765 - in order to guarantee backwards-compatibility with the script-based
766 auto function (e.g. auto --replace), the ipsec starter scripts stores
767 the defaultroute information in the temporary file /var/run/ipsec.info.
769 - The compile-time option USE_XAUTH_VID enables the sending of the XAUTH
770 Vendor ID which is expected by Cisco PIX 7 boxes that act as IKE Mode Config
773 - the ipsec starter now also recognizes the parameters authby=never and
774 type=passthrough|pass|drop|reject.
780 - ipsec starter now supports the also parameter which allows
781 a modular structure of the connection definitions. Thus
782 "ipsec start" is now ready to replace "ipsec setup".
788 - Mathieu Lafon's popular ipsec starter tool has been added to the
789 strongSwan distribution. Many thanks go to Stephan Scholz from astaro
790 for his integration work. ipsec starter is a C program which is going
791 to replace the various shell and awk starter scripts (setup, _plutoload,
792 _plutostart, _realsetup, _startklips, _confread, and auto). Since
793 ipsec.conf is now parsed only once, the starting of multiple tunnels is
794 accelerated tremedously.
796 - Added support of %defaultroute to the ipsec starter. If the IP address
797 changes, a HUP signal to the ipsec starter will automatically
798 reload pluto's connections.
800 - moved most compile time configurations from pluto/Makefile to
801 Makefile.inc by defining the options USE_LIBCURL, USE_LDAP,
802 USE_SMARTCARD, and USE_NAT_TRAVERSAL_TRANSPORT_MODE.
804 - removed the ipsec verify and ipsec newhostkey commands
806 - fixed some 64-bit issues in formatted print statements
808 - The scepclient functionality implementing the Simple Certificate
809 Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is nearly complete but hasn't been
816 - CA certicates are now automatically loaded from a smartcard
817 or USB crypto token and appear in the ipsec auto --listcacerts
824 - when using "ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>" with a PKCS#11
825 library that does not support the C_Encrypt() Cryptoki
826 function (e.g. OpenSC), the RSA encryption is done in
827 software using the public key fetched from the smartcard.
829 - The scepclient function now allows to define the
830 validity of a self-signed certificate using the --days,
831 --startdate, and --enddate options. The default validity
832 has been changed from one year to five years.
838 - the config setup parameter pkcs11proxy=yes opens pluto's PKCS#11
839 interface to other applications for RSA encryption and decryption
840 via the whack interface. Notation:
842 ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>
843 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
844 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
847 ipsec whack --scdecrypt <data>
848 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
849 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
852 The default setting for inbase and outbase is hex.
854 The new proxy interface can be used for securing symmetric
855 encryption keys required by the cryptoloop or dm-crypt
856 disk encryption schemes, especially in the case when
857 pkcs11keepstate=yes causes pluto to lock the pkcs11 slot
860 - if the file /etc/ipsec.secrets is lacking during the startup of
861 pluto then the root-readable file /etc/ipsec.d/private/myKey.der
862 containing a 2048 bit RSA private key and a matching self-signed
863 certificate stored in the file /etc/ipsec.d/certs/selfCert.der
864 is automatically generated by calling the function
866 ipsec scepclient --out pkcs1 --out cert-self
868 scepclient was written by Jan Hutter and Martin Willi, students
869 at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil, Switzerland.
875 - the current extension of the PKCS#7 framework introduced
876 a parsing error in PKCS#7 wrapped X.509 certificates that are
877 e.g. transmitted by Windows XP when multi-level CAs are used.
878 the parsing syntax has been fixed.
880 - added a patch by Gerald Richter which tolerates multiple occurrences
881 of the ipsec0 interface when using KLIPS.
887 - with gawk-3.1.4 the word "default2 has become a protected
888 keyword for use in switch statements and cannot be used any
889 more in the strongSwan scripts. This problem has been
890 solved by renaming "default" to "defaults" and "setdefault"
891 in the scripts _confread and auto, respectively.
893 - introduced the parameter leftsendcert with the values
895 always|yes (the default, always send a cert)
896 ifasked (send the cert only upon a cert request)
897 never|no (never send a cert, used for raw RSA keys and
900 - fixed the initialization of the ESP key length to a default of
901 128 bits in the case that the peer does not send a key length
902 attribute for AES encryption.
904 - applied Herbert Xu's uniqueIDs patch
906 - applied Herbert Xu's CLOEXEC patches
912 - CRLs can now be cached also in the case when the issuer's
913 certificate does not contain a subjectKeyIdentifier field.
914 In that case the subjectKeyIdentifier is computed by pluto as the
915 160 bit SHA-1 hash of the issuer's public key in compliance
916 with section 4.2.1.2 of RFC 3280.
918 - Fixed a bug introduced by strongswan-2.5.1 which eliminated
919 not only multiple Quick Modes of a given connection but also
920 multiple connections between two security gateways.
926 - Under the native IPsec of the Linux 2.6 kernel, a %trap eroute
927 installed either by setting auto=route in ipsec.conf or by
928 a connection put into hold, generates an XFRM_AQUIRE event
929 for each packet that wants to use the not-yet exisiting
930 tunnel. Up to now each XFRM_AQUIRE event led to an entry in
931 the Quick Mode queue, causing multiple IPsec SA to be
932 established in rapid succession. Starting with strongswan-2.5.1
933 only a single IPsec SA is established per host-pair connection.
935 - Right after loading the PKCS#11 module, all smartcard slots are
936 searched for certificates. The result can be viewed using
939 ipsec auto --listcards
941 The certificate objects found in the slots are numbered
942 starting with #1, #2, etc. This position number can be used to address
943 certificates (leftcert=%smartcard) and keys (: PIN %smartcard)
944 in ipsec.conf and ipsec.secrets, respectively:
946 %smartcard (selects object #1)
947 %smartcard#1 (selects object #1)
948 %smartcard#3 (selects object #3)
950 As an alternative the existing retrieval scheme can be used:
952 %smartcard:45 (selects object with id=45)
953 %smartcard0 (selects first object in slot 0)
954 %smartcard4:45 (selects object in slot 4 with id=45)
956 - Depending on the settings of CKA_SIGN and CKA_DECRYPT
957 private key flags either C_Sign() or C_Decrypt() is used
958 to generate a signature.
960 - The output buffer length parameter siglen in C_Sign()
961 is now initialized to the actual size of the output
962 buffer prior to the function call. This fixes the
963 CKR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL error that could occur when using
964 the OpenSC PKCS#11 module.
966 - Changed the initialization of the PKCS#11 CK_MECHANISM in
967 C_SignInit() to mech = { CKM_RSA_PKCS, NULL_PTR, 0 }.
969 - Refactored the RSA public/private key code and transferred it
970 from keys.c to the new pkcs1.c file as a preparatory step
971 towards the release of the SCEP client.
977 - The loading of a PKCS#11 smartcard library module during
978 runtime does not require OpenSC library functions any more
979 because the corresponding code has been integrated into
980 smartcard.c. Also the RSAREF pkcs11 header files have been
981 included in a newly created pluto/rsaref directory so that
982 no external include path has to be defined any longer.
984 - A long-awaited feature has been implemented at last:
985 The local caching of CRLs fetched via HTTP or LDAP, activated
986 by the parameter cachecrls=yes in the config setup section
987 of ipsec.conf. The dynamically fetched CRLs are stored under
988 a unique file name containing the issuer's subjectKeyID
989 in /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
991 - Applied a one-line patch courtesy of Michael Richardson
992 from the Openswan project which fixes the kernel-oops
993 in KLIPS when an snmp daemon is running on the same box.
999 - Eliminated null length CRL distribution point strings.
1001 - Fixed a trust path evaluation bug introduced with 2.4.3
1007 - Improved the joint OCSP / CRL revocation policy.
1008 OCSP responses have precedence over CRL entries.
1010 - Introduced support of CRLv2 reason codes.
1012 - Fixed a bug with key-pad equipped readers which caused
1013 pluto to prompt for the pin via the console when the first
1014 occasion to enter the pin via the key-pad was missed.
1016 - When pluto is built with LDAP_V3 enabled, the library
1017 liblber required by newer versions of openldap is now
1024 - Added the _updown_espmark template which requires all
1025 incoming ESP traffic to be marked with a default mark
1028 - Introduced the pkcs11keepstate parameter in the config setup
1029 section of ipsec.conf. With pkcs11keepstate=yes the PKCS#11
1030 session and login states are kept as long as possible during
1031 the lifetime of pluto. This means that a PIN entry via a key
1032 pad has to be done only once.
1034 - Introduced the pkcs11module parameter in the config setup
1035 section of ipsec.conf which specifies the PKCS#11 module
1036 to be used with smart cards. Example:
1038 pkcs11module=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.lo
1040 - Added support of smartcard readers equipped with a PIN pad.
1042 - Added patch by Jay Pfeifer which detects when netkey
1043 modules have been statically built into the Linux 2.6 kernel.
1045 - Added two patches by Herbert Xu. The first uses ip xfrm
1046 instead of setkey to flush the IPsec policy database. The
1047 second sets the optional flag in inbound IPComp SAs only.
1049 - Applied Ulrich Weber's patch which fixes an interoperability
1050 problem between native IPsec and KLIPS systems caused by
1051 setting the replay window to 32 instead of 0 for ipcomp.
1057 - Fixed a bug which caused an unwanted Mode Config request
1058 to be initiated in the case where "right" was used to denote
1059 the local side in ipsec.conf and "left" the remote side,
1060 contrary to the recommendation that "right" be remote and
1067 - updated Vendor ID to strongSwan-2.4.0
1069 - updated copyright statement to include David Buechi and
1076 - strongSwan now communicates with attached smartcards and
1077 USB crypto tokens via the standardized PKCS #11 interface.
1078 By default the OpenSC library from www.opensc.org is used
1079 but any other PKCS#11 library could be dynamically linked.
1080 strongSwan's PKCS#11 API was implemented by David Buechi
1081 and Michael Meier, both graduates of the Zurich University
1082 of Applied Sciences in Winterthur, Switzerland.
1084 - When a %trap eroute is triggered by an outgoing IP packet
1085 then the native IPsec stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel [often/
1086 always?] returns an XFRM_ACQUIRE message with an undefined
1087 protocol family field and the connection setup fails.
1088 As a workaround IPv4 (AF_INET) is now assumed.
1090 - the results of the UML test scenarios are now enhanced
1091 with block diagrams of the virtual network topology used
1092 in a particular test.
1098 - fixed IV used to decrypt informational messages.
1099 This bug was introduced with Mode Config functionality.
1101 - fixed NCP Vendor ID.
1103 - undid one of Ulrich Weber's maximum udp size patches
1104 because it caused a segmentation fault with NAT-ed
1107 - added UML scenarios wildcards and attr-cert which
1108 demonstrate the implementation of IPsec policies based
1109 on wildcard parameters contained in Distinguished Names and
1110 on X.509 attribute certificates, respectively.
1116 - Added basic Mode Config functionality
1118 - Added Mathieu Lafon's patch which upgrades the status of
1119 the NAT-Traversal implementation to RFC 3947.
1121 - The _startklips script now also loads the xfrm4_tunnel
1124 - Added Ulrich Weber's netlink replay window size and
1125 maximum udp size patches.
1127 - UML testing now uses the Linux 2.6.10 UML kernel by default.
1133 - Eric Marchionni and Patrik Rayo, both recent graduates from
1134 the Zuercher Hochschule Winterthur in Switzerland, created a
1135 User-Mode-Linux test setup for strongSwan. For more details
1136 please read the INSTALL and README documents in the testing
1139 - Full support of group attributes based on X.509 attribute
1140 certificates. Attribute certificates can be generated
1141 using the openac facility. For more details see
1145 The group attributes can be used in connection definitions
1146 in order to give IPsec access to specific user groups.
1147 This is done with the new parameter left|rightgroups as in
1149 rightgroups="Research, Sales"
1151 giving access to users possessing the group attributes
1152 Research or Sales, only.
1154 - In Quick Mode clients with subnet mask /32 are now
1155 coded as IP_V4_ADDRESS or IP_V6_ADDRESS. This should
1156 fix rekeying problems with the SafeNet/SoftRemote and NCP
1157 Secure Entry Clients.
1159 - Changed the defaults of the ikelifetime and keylife parameters
1160 to 3h and 1h, respectively. The maximum allowable values are
1161 now both set to 24 h.
1163 - Suppressed notification wars between two IPsec peers that
1164 could e.g. be triggered by incorrect ISAKMP encryption.
1166 - Public RSA keys can now have identical IDs if either the
1167 issuing CA or the serial number is different. The serial
1168 number of a certificate is now shown by the command
1170 ipsec auto --listpubkeys
1176 - Added Tuomo Soini's sourceip feature which allows a strongSwan
1177 roadwarrior to use a fixed Virtual IP (see README section 2.6)
1178 and reduces the well-known four tunnel case on VPN gateways to
1179 a single tunnel definition (see README section 2.4).
1181 - Fixed a bug occuring with NAT-Traversal enabled when the responder
1182 suddenly turns initiator and the initiator cannot find a matching
1183 connection because of the floated IKE port 4500.
1185 - Removed misleading ipsec verify command from barf.
1187 - Running under the native IP stack, ipsec --version now shows
1188 the Linux kernel version (courtesy to the Openswan project).
1194 - Introduced the ipsec auto --listalgs monitoring command which lists
1195 all currently registered IKE and ESP algorithms.
1197 - Fixed a bug in the ESP algorithm selection occuring when the strict flag
1198 is set and the first proposed transform does not match.
1200 - Fixed another deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex,
1201 occuring when a smartcard is present.
1203 - Prevented that a superseded Phase1 state can trigger a DPD_TIMEOUT event.
1205 - Fixed the printing of the notification names (null)
1207 - Applied another of Herbert Xu's Netlink patches.
1213 - Support of Dead Peer Detection. The connection parameter
1215 dpdaction=clear|hold
1217 activates DPD for the given connection.
1219 - The default Opportunistic Encryption (OE) policy groups are not
1220 automatically included anymore. Those wishing to activate OE can include
1221 the policy group with the following statement in ipsec.conf:
1223 include /etc/ipsec.d/examples/oe.conf
1225 The default for [right|left]rsasigkey is now set to %cert.
1227 - strongSwan now has a Vendor ID of its own which can be activated
1228 using the compile option VENDORID
1230 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch which sets the compression algorithm correctly.
1232 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch fixing an ESPINUDP problem
1234 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch setting source/destination port numbers.
1236 - Reapplied one of Herbert Xu's NAT-Traversal patches which got
1237 lost during the migration from SuperFreeS/WAN.
1239 - Fixed a deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex.
1241 - Fixed the unsharing of alg parameters when instantiating group
1248 - Thomas Walpuski made me aware of a potential DoS attack via
1249 a PKCS#7-wrapped certificate bundle which could overwrite valid CA
1250 certificates in Pluto's authority certificate store. This vulnerability
1251 was fixed by establishing trust in CA candidate certificates up to a
1252 trusted root CA prior to insertion into Pluto's chained list.
1254 - replaced the --assign option by the -v option in the auto awk script
1255 in order to make it run with mawk under debian/woody.
1261 - Split of the status information between ipsec auto --status (concise)
1262 and ipsec auto --statusall (verbose). Both commands can be used with
1263 an optional connection selector:
1265 ipsec auto --status[all] <connection_name>
1267 - Added the description of X.509 related features to the ipsec_auto(8)
1270 - Hardened the ASN.1 parser in debug mode, especially the printing
1271 of malformed distinguished names.
1273 - The size of an RSA public key received in a certificate is now restricted to
1275 512 bits <= modulus length <= 8192 bits.
1277 - Fixed the debug mode enumeration.
1283 - Fixed another PKCS#7 vulnerability which could lead to an
1284 endless loop while following the X.509 trust chain.
1290 - Fixed the PKCS#7 vulnerability discovered by Thomas Walpuski
1291 that accepted end certificates having identical issuer and subject
1292 distinguished names in a multi-tier X.509 trust chain.
1298 - Removed all remaining references to ipsec_netlink.h in KLIPS.
1304 - The new "ca" section allows to define the following parameters:
1307 cacert=koolCA.pem # cacert of kool CA
1308 ocspuri=http://ocsp.kool.net:8001 # ocsp server
1309 ldapserver=ldap.kool.net # default ldap server
1310 crluri=http://www.kool.net/kool.crl # crl distribution point
1311 crluri2="ldap:///O=Kool, C= .." # crl distribution point #2
1312 auto=add # add, ignore
1314 The ca definitions can be monitored via the command
1316 ipsec auto --listcainfos
1318 - Fixed cosmetic corruption of /proc filesystem by integrating
1319 D. Hugh Redelmeier's freeswan-2.06 kernel fixes.
1325 - Added support for the 818043 NAT-Traversal update of Microsoft's
1326 Windows 2000/XP IPsec client which sends an ID_FQDN during Quick Mode.
1328 - A symbolic link to libcrypto is now added in the kernel sources
1329 during kernel compilation
1331 - Fixed a couple of 64 bit issues (mostly casts to int).
1332 Thanks to Ken Bantoft who checked my sources on a 64 bit platform.
1334 - Replaced s[n]printf() statements in the kernel by ipsec_snprintf().
1335 Credits go to D. Hugh Redelmeier, Michael Richardson, and Sam Sgro
1336 of the FreeS/WAN team who solved this problem with the 2.4.25 kernel.
1342 - an empty ASN.1 SEQUENCE OF or SET OF object (e.g. a subjectAltName
1343 certificate extension which contains no generalName item) can cause
1344 a pluto crash. This bug has been fixed. Additionally the ASN.1 parser has
1345 been hardened to make it more robust against malformed ASN.1 objects.
1347 - applied Herbert Xu's NAT-T patches which fixes NAT-T under the native
1348 Linux 2.6 IPsec stack.
1354 - based on freeswan-2.04, x509-1.5.3, nat-0.6c, alg-0.8.1rc12