4 - Implemented all IETF Standard PA-TNC attributes and an OS IMC/IMV
5 pair using them to transfer operating system information.
7 - The new "ipsec listcounters" command prints a list of global counter values
8 about received and sent IKE messages and rekeyings.
10 - A new lookip plugin can perform fast lookup of tunnel information using a
11 clients virtual IP and can send notifications about established or deleted
12 tunnels. The "ipsec lookip" command can be used to query such information
13 or receive notifications.
15 - IKE proposals can now use a PRF algorithm different to that defined for
16 integrity protection. If an algorithm with a "prf" prefix is defined
17 explicitly (such as prfsha1 or prfsha256), no implicit PRF algorithm based on
18 the integrity algorithm is added to the proposal.
20 - The pkcs11 plugin can now load leftcert certificates from a smartcard for a
21 specific ipsec.conf conn section and cacert CA certificates for a specific ca
24 - The load-tester plugin gained additional options for certificate generation
25 and can load keys and multiple CA certificates from external files. It can
26 install a dedicated outer IP address for each tunnel and tunnel initiation
27 batches can be triggered and monitored externally using the
28 "ipsec load-tester" tool.
33 - Introduced the sending of the standard IETF Assessment Result
34 PA-TNC attribute by all strongSwan Integrity Measurement Verifiers.
36 - Extended PTS Attestation IMC/IMV pair to provide full evidence of
37 the Linux IMA measurement process. All pertinent file information
38 of a Linux OS can be collected and stored in an SQL database.
40 - The PA-TNC and PB-TNC protocols can now process huge data payloads
41 >64 kB by distributing PA-TNC attributes over multiple PA-TNC messages
42 and these messages over several PB-TNC batches. As long as no
43 consolidated recommandation from all IMVs can be obtained, the TNC
44 server requests more client data by sending an empty SDATA batch.
46 - The rightgroups2 ipsec.conf option can require group membership during
47 a second authentication round, for example during XAuth authentication
48 against a RADIUS server.
50 - The xauth-pam backend can authenticate IKEv1 XAuth and Hybrid authenticated
51 clients against any PAM service. The IKEv2 eap-gtc plugin does not use
52 PAM directly anymore, but can use any XAuth backend to verify credentials,
55 - The new unity plugin brings support for some parts of the IKEv1 Cisco Unity
56 Extension. As client, charon narrows traffic selectors to the received
57 Split-Include attributes and automatically installs IPsec bypass policies
58 for received Local-LAN attributes. As server, charon sends Split-Include
59 attributes for leftsubnet definitions containing multiple subnets to Unity-
62 - An EAP-Nak payload is returned by clients if the gateway requests an EAP
63 method that the client does not support. Clients can also request a specific
64 EAP method by configuring that method with leftauth.
66 - The eap-dynamic plugin handles EAP-Nak payloads returned by clients and uses
67 these to select a different EAP method supported/requested by the client.
68 The plugin initially requests the first registered method or the first method
69 configured with charon.plugins.eap-dynamic.preferred.
71 - The new left/rightdns options specify connection specific DNS servers to
72 request/respond in IKEv2 configuration payloads or IKEv2 mode config. leftdns
73 can be any (comma separated) combination of %config4 and %config6 to request
74 multiple servers, both for IPv4 and IPv6. rightdns takes a list of DNS server
75 IP addresses to return.
77 - The left/rightsourceip options now accept multiple addresses or pools.
78 leftsourceip can be any (comma separated) combination of %config4, %config6
79 or fixed IP addresses to request. rightsourceip accepts multiple explicitly
80 specified or referenced named pools.
82 - Multiple connections can now share a single address pool when they use the
83 same definition in one of the rightsourceip pools.
85 - The options charon.interfaces_ignore and charon.interfaces_use allow one to
86 configure the network interfaces used by the daemon.
88 - The kernel-netlink plugin supports the charon.install_virtual_ip_on option,
89 which specifies the interface on which virtual IP addresses will be installed.
90 If it is not specified the current behavior of using the outbound interface
93 - The kernel-netlink plugin tries to keep the current source address when
94 looking for valid routes to reach other hosts.
96 - The autotools build has been migrated to use a config.h header. strongSwan
97 development headers will get installed during "make install" if
98 --with-dev-headers has been passed to ./configure.
100 - All crypto primitives gained return values for most operations, allowing
101 crypto backends to fail, for example when using hardware accelerators.
106 - The charon IKE daemon gained experimental support for the IKEv1 protocol.
107 Pluto has been removed from the 5.x series, and unless strongSwan is
108 configured with --disable-ikev1 or --disable-ikev2, charon handles both
109 keying protocols. The feature-set of IKEv1 in charon is almost on par with
110 pluto, but currently does not support AH or bundled AH+ESP SAs. Beside
111 RSA/ECDSA, PSK and XAuth, charon also supports the Hybrid authentication
112 mode. Informations for interoperability and migration is available at
113 http://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/CharonPlutoIKEv1.
115 - Charon's bus_t has been refactored so that loggers and other listeners are
116 now handled separately. The single lock was previously cause for deadlocks
117 if extensive listeners, such as the one provided by the updown plugin, wanted
118 to acquire locks that were held by other threads which in turn tried to log
119 messages, and thus were waiting to acquire the same lock currently held by
120 the thread calling the listener.
121 The implemented changes also allow the use of a read/write-lock for the
122 loggers which increases performance if multiple loggers are registered.
123 Besides several interface changes this last bit also changes the semantics
124 for loggers as these may now be called by multiple threads at the same time.
126 - Source routes are reinstalled if interfaces are reactivated or IP addresses
129 - The thread pool (processor_t) now has more control over the lifecycle of
130 a job (see job.h for details). In particular, it now controls the destruction
131 of jobs after execution and the cancellation of jobs during shutdown. Due to
132 these changes the requeueing feature, previously available to callback_job_t
133 only, is now available to all jobs (in addition to a new rescheduling
136 - In addition to trustchain key strength definitions for different public key
137 systems, the rightauth option now takes a list of signature hash algorithms
138 considered save for trustchain validation. For example, the setting
139 rightauth=rsa-2048-ecdsa-256-sha256-sha384-sha512 requires a trustchain
140 that uses at least RSA-2048 or ECDSA-256 keys and certificate signatures
141 using SHA-256 or better.
147 - Fixed a security vulnerability in the gmp plugin. If this plugin was used
148 for RSA signature verification an empty or zeroed signature was handled as
151 - Fixed several issues with reauthentication and address updates.
157 - The tnc-pdp plugin implements a RADIUS server interface allowing
158 a strongSwan TNC server to act as a Policy Decision Point.
160 - The eap-radius authentication backend enforces Session-Timeout attributes
161 using RFC4478 repeated authentication and acts upon RADIUS Dynamic
162 Authorization extensions, RFC 5176. Currently supported are disconnect
163 requests and CoA messages containing a Session-Timeout.
165 - The eap-radius plugin can forward arbitrary RADIUS attributes from and to
166 clients using custom IKEv2 notify payloads. The new radattr plugin reads
167 attributes to include from files and prints received attributes to the
170 - Added support for untruncated MD5 and SHA1 HMACs in ESP as used in
173 - The cmac plugin implements the AES-CMAC-96 and AES-CMAC-PRF-128 algorithms
174 as defined in RFC 4494 and RFC 4615, respectively.
176 - The resolve plugin automatically installs nameservers via resolvconf(8),
177 if it is installed, instead of modifying /etc/resolv.conf directly.
179 - The IKEv2 charon daemon supports now raw RSA public keys in RFC 3110
180 DNSKEY and PKCS#1 file format.
186 - Upgraded the TCG IF-IMC and IF-IMV C API to the upcoming version 1.3
187 which supports IF-TNCCS 2.0 long message types, the exclusive flags
188 and multiple IMC/IMV IDs. Both the TNC Client and Server as well as
189 the "Test", "Scanner", and "Attestation" IMC/IMV pairs were updated.
191 - Fully implemented the "TCG Attestation PTS Protocol: Binding to IF-M"
192 standard (TLV-based messages only). TPM-based remote attestation of
193 Linux IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) possible. Measurement
194 reference values are automatically stored in an SQLite database.
196 - The EAP-RADIUS authentication backend supports RADIUS accounting. It sends
197 start/stop messages containing Username, Framed-IP and Input/Output-Octets
198 attributes and has been tested against FreeRADIUS and Microsoft NPS.
200 - Added support for PKCS#8 encoded private keys via the libstrongswan
201 pkcs8 plugin. This is the default format used by some OpenSSL tools since
202 version 1.0.0 (e.g. openssl req with -keyout).
204 - Added session resumption support to the strongSwan TLS stack.
210 - Because of changing checksums before and after installation which caused
211 the integrity tests to fail we avoided directly linking libsimaka, libtls and
212 libtnccs to those libcharon plugins which make use of these dynamic libraries.
213 Instead we linked the libraries to the charon daemon. Unfortunately Ubuntu
214 11.10 activated the --as-needed ld option which discards explicit links
215 to dynamic libraries that are not actually used by the charon daemon itself,
216 thus causing failures during the loading of the plugins which depend on these
217 libraries for resolving external symbols.
219 - Therefore our approach of computing integrity checksums for plugins had to be
220 changed radically by moving the hash generation from the compilation to the
221 post-installation phase.
227 - The new libstrongswan certexpire plugin collects expiration information of
228 all used certificates and exports them to CSV files. It either directly
229 exports them or uses cron style scheduling for batch exports.
231 - starter passes unresolved hostnames to charon, allowing it to do name
232 resolution not before the connection attempt. This is especially useful with
233 connections between hosts using dynamic IP addresses. Thanks to Mirko Parthey
234 for the initial patch.
236 - The android plugin can now be used without the Android frontend patch and
237 provides DNS server registration and logging to logcat.
239 - Pluto and starter (plus stroke and whack) have been ported to Android.
241 - Support for ECDSA private and public key operations has been added to the
242 pkcs11 plugin. The plugin now also provides DH and ECDH via PKCS#11 and can
243 use tokens as random number generators (RNG). By default only private key
244 operations are enabled, more advanced features have to be enabled by their
245 option in strongswan.conf. This also applies to public key operations (even
246 for keys not stored on the token) which were enabled by default before.
248 - The libstrongswan plugin system now supports detailed plugin dependencies.
249 Many plugins have been extended to export its capabilities and requirements.
250 This allows the plugin loader to resolve plugin loading order automatically,
251 and in future releases, to dynamically load the required features on demand.
252 Existing third party plugins are source (but not binary) compatible if they
253 properly initialize the new get_features() plugin function to NULL.
255 - The tnc-ifmap plugin implements a TNC IF-MAP 2.0 client which can deliver
256 metadata about IKE_SAs via a SOAP interface to a MAP server. The tnc-ifmap
257 plugin requires the Apache Axis2/C library.
263 - Our private libraries (e.g. libstrongswan) are not installed directly in
264 prefix/lib anymore. Instead a subdirectory is used (prefix/lib/ipsec/ by
265 default). The plugins directory is also moved from libexec/ipsec/ to that
268 - The dynamic IMC/IMV libraries were moved from the plugins directory to
269 a new imcvs directory in the prefix/lib/ipsec/ subdirectory.
271 - Job priorities were introduced to prevent thread starvation caused by too
272 many threads handling blocking operations (such as CRL fetching). Refer to
273 strongswan.conf(5) for details.
275 - Two new strongswan.conf options allow to fine-tune performance on IKEv2
276 gateways by dropping IKE_SA_INIT requests on high load.
278 - IKEv2 charon daemon supports start PASS and DROP shunt policies
279 preventing traffic to go through IPsec connections. Installation of the
280 shunt policies either via the XFRM netfilter or PFKEYv2 IPsec kernel
283 - The history of policies installed in the kernel is now tracked so that e.g.
284 trap policies are correctly updated when reauthenticated SAs are terminated.
286 - IMC/IMV Scanner pair implementing the RFC 5792 PA-TNC (IF-M) protocol.
287 Using "netstat -l" the IMC scans open listening ports on the TNC client
288 and sends a port list to the IMV which based on a port policy decides if
289 the client is admitted to the network.
290 (--enable-imc-scanner/--enable-imv-scanner).
292 - IMC/IMV Test pair implementing the RFC 5792 PA-TNC (IF-M) protocol.
293 (--enable-imc-test/--enable-imv-test).
295 - The IKEv2 close action does not use the same value as the ipsec.conf dpdaction
296 setting, but the value defined by its own closeaction keyword. The action
297 is triggered if the remote peer closes a CHILD_SA unexpectedly.
303 - The whitelist plugin for the IKEv2 daemon maintains an in-memory identity
304 whitelist. Any connection attempt of peers not whitelisted will get rejected.
305 The 'ipsec whitelist' utility provides a simple command line frontend for
306 whitelist administration.
308 - The duplicheck plugin provides a specialized form of duplicate checking,
309 doing a liveness check on the old SA and optionally notify a third party
310 application about detected duplicates.
312 - The coupling plugin permanently couples two or more devices by limiting
313 authentication to previously used certificates.
315 - In the case that the peer config and child config don't have the same name
316 (usually in SQL database defined connections), ipsec up|route <peer config>
317 starts|routes all associated child configs and ipsec up|route <child config>
318 only starts|routes the specific child config.
320 - fixed the encoding and parsing of X.509 certificate policy statements (CPS).
322 - Duncan Salerno contributed the eap-sim-pcsc plugin implementing a
323 pcsc-lite based SIM card backend.
325 - The eap-peap plugin implements the EAP PEAP protocol. Interoperates
326 successfully with a FreeRADIUS server and Windows 7 Agile VPN clients.
328 - The IKEv2 daemon charon rereads strongswan.conf on SIGHUP and instructs
329 all plugins to reload. Currently only the eap-radius and the attr plugins
330 support configuration reloading.
332 - Added userland support to the IKEv2 daemon for Extended Sequence Numbers
333 support coming with Linux 2.6.39. To enable ESN on a connection, add
334 the 'esn' keyword to the proposal. The default proposal uses 32-bit sequence
335 numbers only ('noesn'), and the same value is used if no ESN mode is
336 specified. To negotiate ESN support with the peer, include both, e.g.
337 esp=aes128-sha1-esn-noesn.
339 - In addition to ESN, Linux 2.6.39 gained support for replay windows larger
340 than 32 packets. The new global strongswan.conf option 'charon.replay_window'
341 configures the size of the replay window, in packets.
347 - Sansar Choinyambuu implemented the RFC 5793 Posture Broker Protocol (BP)
348 compatible with Trusted Network Connect (TNC). The TNCCS 2.0 protocol
349 requires the tnccs_20, tnc_imc and tnc_imv plugins but does not depend
350 on the libtnc library. Any available IMV/IMC pairs conforming to the
351 Trusted Computing Group's TNC-IF-IMV/IMC 1.2 interface specification
352 can be loaded via /etc/tnc_config.
354 - Re-implemented the TNCCS 1.1 protocol by using the tnc_imc and tnc_imv
355 in place of the external libtnc library.
357 - The tnccs_dynamic plugin loaded on a TNC server in addition to the
358 tnccs_11 and tnccs_20 plugins, dynamically detects the IF-TNCCS
359 protocol version used by a TNC client and invokes an instance of
360 the corresponding protocol stack.
362 - IKE and ESP proposals can now be stored in an SQL database using a
363 new proposals table. The start_action field in the child_configs
364 tables allows the automatic starting or routing of connections stored
367 - The new certificate_authorities and certificate_distribution_points
368 tables make it possible to store CRL and OCSP Certificate Distribution
369 points in an SQL database.
371 - The new 'include' statement allows to recursively include other files in
372 strongswan.conf. Existing sections and values are thereby extended and
373 replaced, respectively.
375 - Due to the changes in the parser for strongswan.conf, the configuration
376 syntax for the attr plugin has changed. Previously, it was possible to
377 specify multiple values of a specific attribute type by adding multiple
378 key/value pairs with the same key (e.g. dns) to the plugins.attr section.
379 Because values with the same key now replace previously defined values
380 this is not possible anymore. As an alternative, multiple values can be
381 specified by separating them with a comma (e.g. dns = 1.2.3.4, 2.3.4.5).
383 - ipsec listalgs now appends (set in square brackets) to each crypto
384 algorithm listed the plugin that registered the function.
386 - Traffic Flow Confidentiality padding supported with Linux 2.6.38 can be used
387 by the IKEv2 daemon. The ipsec.conf 'tfc' keyword pads all packets to a given
388 boundary, the special value '%mtu' pads all packets to the path MTU.
390 - The new af-alg plugin can use various crypto primitives of the Linux Crypto
391 API using the AF_ALG interface introduced with 2.6.38. This removes the need
392 for additional userland implementations of symmetric cipher, hash, hmac and
395 - The IKEv2 daemon supports the INITIAL_CONTACT notify as initiator and
396 responder. The notify is sent when initiating configurations with a unique
397 policy, set in ipsec.conf via the global 'uniqueids' option.
399 - The conftest conformance testing framework enables the IKEv2 stack to perform
400 many tests using a distinct tool and configuration frontend. Various hooks
401 can alter reserved bits, flags, add custom notifies and proposals, reorder
402 or drop messages and much more. It is enabled using the --enable-conftest
405 - The new libstrongswan constraints plugin provides advanced X.509 constraint
406 checking. In additon to X.509 pathLen constraints, the plugin checks for
407 nameConstraints and certificatePolicies, including policyMappings and
408 policyConstraints. The x509 certificate plugin and the pki tool have been
409 enhanced to support these extensions. The new left/rightcertpolicy ipsec.conf
410 connection keywords take OIDs a peer certificate must have.
412 - The left/rightauth ipsec.conf keywords accept values with a minimum strength
413 for trustchain public keys in bits, such as rsa-2048 or ecdsa-256.
415 - The revocation and x509 libstrongswan plugins and the pki tool gained basic
416 support for delta CRLs.
422 - IMPORTANT: the default keyexchange mode 'ike' is changing with release 4.5
423 from 'ikev1' to 'ikev2', thus commemorating the five year anniversary of the
424 IKEv2 RFC 4306 and its mature successor RFC 5996. The time has definitively
425 come for IKEv1 to go into retirement and to cede its place to the much more
426 robust, powerful and versatile IKEv2 protocol!
428 - Added new ctr, ccm and gcm plugins providing Counter, Counter with CBC-MAC
429 and Galois/Counter Modes based on existing CBC implementations. These
430 new plugins bring support for AES and Camellia Counter and CCM algorithms
431 and the AES GCM algorithms for use in IKEv2.
433 - The new pkcs11 plugin brings full Smartcard support to the IKEv2 daemon and
434 the pki utility using one or more PKCS#11 libraries. It currently supports
435 RSA private and public key operations and loads X.509 certificates from
438 - Implemented a general purpose TLS stack based on crypto and credential
439 primitives of libstrongswan. libtls supports TLS versions 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2,
440 ECDHE-ECDSA/RSA, DHE-RSA and RSA key exchange algorithms and RSA/ECDSA based
441 client authentication.
443 - Based on libtls, the eap-tls plugin brings certificate based EAP
444 authentication for client and server. It is compatible to Windows 7 IKEv2
445 Smartcard authentication and the OpenSSL based FreeRADIUS EAP-TLS backend.
447 - Implemented the TNCCS 1.1 Trusted Network Connect protocol using the
448 libtnc library on the strongSwan client and server side via the tnccs_11
449 plugin and optionally connecting to a TNC@FHH-enhanced FreeRADIUS AAA server.
450 Depending on the resulting TNC Recommendation, strongSwan clients are granted
451 access to a network behind a strongSwan gateway (allow), are put into a
452 remediation zone (isolate) or are blocked (none), respectively. Any number
453 of Integrity Measurement Collector/Verifier pairs can be attached
454 via the tnc-imc and tnc-imv charon plugins.
456 - The IKEv1 daemon pluto now uses the same kernel interfaces as the IKEv2
457 daemon charon. As a result of this, pluto now supports xfrm marks which
458 were introduced in charon with 4.4.1.
460 - Applets for Maemo 5 (Nokia) allow to easily configure and control IKEv2
461 based VPN connections with EAP authentication on supported devices.
463 - The RADIUS plugin eap-radius now supports multiple RADIUS servers for
464 redundant setups. Servers are selected by a defined priority, server load and
467 - The simple led plugin controls hardware LEDs through the Linux LED subsystem.
468 It currently shows activity of the IKE daemon and is a good example how to
469 implement a simple event listener.
471 - Improved MOBIKE behavior in several corner cases, for instance, if the
472 initial responder moves to a different address.
474 - Fixed left-/rightnexthop option, which was broken since 4.4.0.
476 - Fixed a bug not releasing a virtual IP address to a pool if the XAUTH
477 identity was different from the IKE identity.
479 - Fixed the alignment of ModeConfig messages on 4-byte boundaries in the
480 case where the attributes are not a multiple of 4 bytes (e.g. Cisco's
483 - Fixed the interoperability of the socket_raw and socket_default
486 - Added man page for strongswan.conf
492 - Support of xfrm marks in IPsec SAs and IPsec policies introduced
493 with the Linux 2.6.34 kernel. For details see the example scenarios
494 ikev2/nat-two-rw-mark, ikev2/rw-nat-mark-in-out and ikev2/net2net-psk-dscp.
496 - The PLUTO_MARK_IN and PLUTO_ESP_ENC environment variables can be used
497 in a user-specific updown script to set marks on inbound ESP or
500 - The openssl plugin now supports X.509 certificate and CRL functions.
502 - OCSP/CRL checking in IKEv2 has been moved to the revocation plugin, enabled
503 by default. Plase update manual load directives in strongswan.conf.
505 - RFC3779 ipAddrBlock constraint checking has been moved to the addrblock
506 plugin, disabled by default. Enable it and update manual load directives
507 in strongswan.conf, if required.
509 - The pki utility supports CRL generation using the --signcrl command.
511 - The ipsec pki --self, --issue and --req commands now support output in
512 PEM format using the --outform pem option.
514 - The major refactoring of the IKEv1 Mode Config functionality now allows
515 the transport and handling of any Mode Config attribute.
517 - The RADIUS proxy plugin eap-radius now supports multiple servers. Configured
518 servers are chosen randomly, with the option to prefer a specific server.
519 Non-responding servers are degraded by the selection process.
521 - The ipsec pool tool manages arbitrary configuration attributes stored
522 in an SQL database. ipsec pool --help gives the details.
524 - The new eap-simaka-sql plugin acts as a backend for EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA,
525 reading triplets/quintuplets from an SQL database.
527 - The High Availability plugin now supports a HA enabled in-memory address
528 pool and Node reintegration without IKE_SA rekeying. The latter allows
529 clients without IKE_SA rekeying support to keep connected during
530 reintegration. Additionally, many other issues have been fixed in the ha
533 - Fixed a potential remote code execution vulnerability resulting from
534 the misuse of snprintf(). The vulnerability is exploitable by
535 unauthenticated users.
541 - The IKEv2 High Availability plugin has been integrated. It provides
542 load sharing and failover capabilities in a cluster of currently two nodes,
543 based on an extend ClusterIP kernel module. More information is available at
544 http://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/HighAvailability.
545 The development of the High Availability functionality was sponsored by
546 secunet Security Networks AG.
548 - Added IKEv1 and IKEv2 configuration support for the AES-GMAC
549 authentication-only ESP cipher. Our aes_gmac kernel patch or a Linux
550 2.6.34 kernel is required to make AES-GMAC available via the XFRM
553 - Added support for Diffie-Hellman groups 22, 23 and 24 to the gmp, gcrypt
554 and openssl plugins, usable by both pluto and charon. The new proposal
555 keywords are modp1024s160, modp2048s224 and modp2048s256. Thanks to Joy Latten
556 from IBM for his contribution.
558 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon supports RAM-based virtual IP pools using
559 the rightsourceip directive with a subnet from which addresses
562 - The ipsec pki --gen and --pub commands now allow the output of
563 private and public keys in PEM format using the --outform pem
566 - The new DHCP plugin queries virtual IP addresses for clients from a DHCP
567 server using broadcasts, or a defined server using the
568 charon.plugins.dhcp.server strongswan.conf option. DNS/WINS server information
569 is additionally served to clients if the DHCP server provides such
570 information. The plugin is used in ipsec.conf configurations having
571 rightsourceip set to %dhcp.
573 - A new plugin called farp fakes ARP responses for virtual IP addresses
574 handed out to clients from the IKEv2 daemon charon. The plugin lets a
575 road-warrior act as a client on the local LAN if it uses a virtual IP
576 from the responders subnet, e.g. acquired using the DHCP plugin.
578 - The existing IKEv2 socket implementations have been migrated to the
579 socket-default and the socket-raw plugins. The new socket-dynamic plugin
580 binds sockets dynamically to ports configured via the left-/rightikeport
581 ipsec.conf connection parameters.
583 - The android charon plugin stores received DNS server information as "net.dns"
584 system properties, as used by the Android platform.
590 - The IKEv2 daemon supports RFC 3779 IP address block constraints
591 carried as a critical X.509v3 extension in the peer certificate.
593 - The ipsec pool --add|del dns|nbns command manages DNS and NBNS name
594 server entries that are sent via the IKEv1 Mode Config or IKEv2
595 Configuration Payload to remote clients.
597 - The Camellia cipher can be used as an IKEv1 encryption algorithm.
599 - The IKEv1 and IKEV2 daemons now check certificate path length constraints.
601 - The new ipsec.conf conn option "inactivity" closes a CHILD_SA if no traffic
602 was sent or received within the given interval. To close the complete IKE_SA
603 if its only CHILD_SA was inactive, set the global strongswan.conf option
604 "charon.inactivity_close_ike" to yes.
606 - More detailed IKEv2 EAP payload information in debug output
608 - IKEv2 EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA share joint libsimaka library
610 - Added required userland changes for proper SHA256 and SHA384/512 in ESP that
611 will be introduced with Linux 2.6.33. The "sha256"/"sha2_256" keyword now
612 configures the kernel with 128 bit truncation, not the non-standard 96
613 bit truncation used by previous releases. To use the old 96 bit truncation
614 scheme, the new "sha256_96" proposal keyword has been introduced.
616 - Fixed IPComp in tunnel mode, stripping out the duplicated outer header. This
617 change makes IPcomp tunnel mode connections incompatible with previous
618 releases; disable compression on such tunnels.
620 - Fixed BEET mode connections on recent kernels by installing SAs with
621 appropriate traffic selectors, based on a patch by Michael Rossberg.
623 - Using extensions (such as BEET mode) and crypto algorithms (such as twofish,
624 serpent, sha256_96) allocated in the private use space now require that we
625 know its meaning, i.e. we are talking to strongSwan. Use the new
626 "charon.send_vendor_id" option in strongswan.conf to let the remote peer know
629 - Experimental support for draft-eronen-ipsec-ikev2-eap-auth, where the
630 responder omits public key authentication in favor of a mutual authentication
631 method. To enable EAP-only authentication, set rightauth=eap on the responder
632 to rely only on the MSK constructed AUTH payload. This not-yet standardized
633 extension requires the strongSwan vendor ID introduced above.
635 - The IKEv1 daemon ignores the Juniper SRX notification type 40001, thus
636 allowing interoperability.
642 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon can now use SQL-based address pools to deal out
643 virtual IP addresses as a Mode Config server. The pool capability has been
644 migrated from charon's sql plugin to a new attr-sql plugin which is loaded
645 by libstrongswan and which can be used by both daemons either with a SQLite
646 or MySQL database and the corresponding plugin.
648 - Plugin names have been streamlined: EAP plugins now have a dash after eap
649 (e.g. eap-sim), as it is used with the --enable-eap-sim ./configure option.
650 Plugin configuration sections in strongswan.conf now use the same name as the
651 plugin itself (i.e. with a dash). Make sure to update "load" directives and
652 the affected plugin sections in existing strongswan.conf files.
654 - The private/public key parsing and encoding has been split up into
655 separate pkcs1, pgp, pem and dnskey plugins. The public key implementation
656 plugins gmp, gcrypt and openssl can all make use of them.
658 - The EAP-AKA plugin can use different backends for USIM/quintuplet
659 calculations, very similar to the EAP-SIM plugin. The existing 3GPP2 software
660 implementation has been migrated to a separate plugin.
662 - The IKEv2 daemon charon gained basic PGP support. It can use locally installed
663 peer certificates and can issue signatures based on RSA private keys.
665 - The new 'ipsec pki' tool provides a set of commands to maintain a public
666 key infrastructure. It currently supports operations to create RSA and ECDSA
667 private/public keys, calculate fingerprints and issue or verify certificates.
669 - Charon uses a monotonic time source for statistics and job queueing, behaving
670 correctly if the system time changes (e.g. when using NTP).
672 - In addition to time based rekeying, charon supports IPsec SA lifetimes based
673 on processed volume or number of packets. They new ipsec.conf paramaters
674 'lifetime' (an alias to 'keylife'), 'lifebytes' and 'lifepackets' handle
675 SA timeouts, while the parameters 'margintime' (an alias to rekeymargin),
676 'marginbytes' and 'marginpackets' trigger the rekeying before a SA expires.
677 The existing parameter 'rekeyfuzz' affects all margins.
679 - If no CA/Gateway certificate is specified in the NetworkManager plugin,
680 charon uses a set of trusted root certificates preinstalled by distributions.
681 The directory containing CA certificates can be specified using the
682 --with-nm-ca-dir=path configure option.
684 - Fixed the encoding of the Email relative distinguished name in left|rightid
687 - Fixed the broken parsing of PKCS#7 wrapped certificates by the pluto daemon.
689 - Fixed smartcard-based authentication in the pluto daemon which was broken by
690 the ECDSA support introduced with the 4.3.2 release.
692 - A patch contributed by Heiko Hund fixes mixed IPv6 in IPv4 and vice versa
693 tunnels established with the IKEv1 pluto daemon.
695 - The pluto daemon now uses the libstrongswan x509 plugin for certificates and
696 CRls and the struct id type was replaced by identification_t used by charon
697 and the libstrongswan library.
703 - IKEv2 charon daemon ported to FreeBSD and Mac OS X. Installation details can
704 be found on wiki.strongswan.org.
706 - ipsec statusall shows the number of bytes transmitted and received over
707 ESP connections configured by the IKEv2 charon daemon.
709 - The IKEv2 charon daemon supports include files in ipsec.secrets.
715 - The configuration option --enable-integrity-test plus the strongswan.conf
716 option libstrongswan.integrity_test = yes activate integrity tests
717 of the IKE daemons charon and pluto, libstrongswan and all loaded
718 plugins. Thus dynamic library misconfigurations and non-malicious file
719 manipulations can be reliably detected.
721 - The new default setting libstrongswan.ecp_x_coordinate_only=yes allows
722 IKEv1 interoperability with MS Windows using the ECP DH groups 19 and 20.
724 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the AES-CCM and AES-GCM ESP
725 authenticated encryption algorithms.
727 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports V4 OpenPGP keys.
729 - The RDN parser vulnerability discovered by Orange Labs research team
730 was not completely fixed in version 4.3.2. Some more modifications
731 had to be applied to the asn1_length() function to make it robust.
737 - The new gcrypt plugin provides symmetric cipher, hasher, RNG, Diffie-Hellman
738 and RSA crypto primitives using the LGPL licensed GNU gcrypt library.
740 - libstrongswan features an integrated crypto selftest framework for registered
741 algorithms. The test-vector plugin provides a first set of test vectors and
742 allows pluto and charon to rely on tested crypto algorithms.
744 - pluto can now use all libstrongswan plugins with the exception of x509 and xcbc.
745 Thanks to the openssl plugin, the ECP Diffie-Hellman groups 19, 20, 21, 25, and
746 26 as well as ECDSA-256, ECDSA-384, and ECDSA-521 authentication can be used
749 - Applying their fuzzing tool, the Orange Labs vulnerability research team found
750 another two DoS vulnerabilities, one in the rather old ASN.1 parser of Relative
751 Distinguished Names (RDNs) and a second one in the conversion of ASN.1 UTCTIME
752 and GENERALIZEDTIME strings to a time_t value.
758 - The nm plugin now passes DNS/NBNS server information to NetworkManager,
759 allowing a gateway administrator to set DNS/NBNS configuration on clients
762 - The nm plugin also accepts CA certificates for gateway authentication. If
763 a CA certificate is configured, strongSwan uses the entered gateway address
764 as its idenitity, requiring the gateways certificate to contain the same as
765 subjectAltName. This allows a gateway administrator to deploy the same
766 certificates to Windows 7 and NetworkManager clients.
768 - The command ipsec purgeike deletes IKEv2 SAs that don't have a CHILD SA.
769 The command ipsec down <conn>{n} deletes CHILD SA instance n of connection
770 <conn> whereas ipsec down <conn>{*} deletes all CHILD SA instances.
771 The command ipsec down <conn>[n] deletes IKE SA instance n of connection
772 <conn> plus dependent CHILD SAs whereas ipsec down <conn>[*] deletes all
773 IKE SA instances of connection <conn>.
775 - Fixed a regression introduced in 4.3.0 where EAP authentication calculated
776 the AUTH payload incorrectly. Further, the EAP-MSCHAPv2 MSK key derivation
777 has been updated to be compatible with the Windows 7 Release Candidate.
779 - Refactored installation of triggering policies. Routed policies are handled
780 outside of IKE_SAs to keep them installed in any case. A tunnel gets
781 established only once, even if initiation is delayed due network outages.
783 - Improved the handling of multiple acquire signals triggered by the kernel.
785 - Fixed two DoS vulnerabilities in the charon daemon that were discovered by
786 fuzzing techniques: 1) Sending a malformed IKE_SA_INIT request leaved an
787 incomplete state which caused a null pointer dereference if a subsequent
788 CREATE_CHILD_SA request was sent. 2) Sending an IKE_AUTH request with either
789 a missing TSi or TSr payload caused a null pointer derefence because the
790 checks for TSi and TSr were interchanged. The IKEv2 fuzzer used was
791 developed by the Orange Labs vulnerability research team. The tool was
792 initially written by Gabriel Campana and is now maintained by Laurent Butti.
794 - Added support for AES counter mode in ESP in IKEv2 using the proposal
795 keywords aes128ctr, aes192ctr and aes256ctr.
797 - Further progress in refactoring pluto: Use of the curl and ldap plugins
798 for fetching crls and OCSP. Use of the random plugin to get keying material
799 from /dev/random or /dev/urandom. Use of the openssl plugin as an alternative
800 to the aes, des, sha1, sha2, and md5 plugins. The blowfish, twofish, and
801 serpent encryption plugins are now optional and are not enabled by default.
807 - Support for the IKEv2 Multiple Authentication Exchanges extension (RFC4739).
808 Initiators and responders can use several authentication rounds (e.g. RSA
809 followed by EAP) to authenticate. The new ipsec.conf leftauth/rightauth and
810 leftauth2/rightauth2 parameters define own authentication rounds or setup
811 constraints for the remote peer. See the ipsec.conf man page for more detials.
813 - If glibc printf hooks (register_printf_function) are not available,
814 strongSwan can use the vstr string library to run on non-glibc systems.
816 - The IKEv2 charon daemon can now configure the ESP CAMELLIA-CBC cipher
817 (esp=camellia128|192|256).
819 - Refactored the pluto and scepclient code to use basic functions (memory
820 allocation, leak detective, chunk handling, printf_hooks, strongswan.conf
821 attributes, ASN.1 parser, etc.) from the libstrongswan library.
823 - Up to two DNS and WINS servers to be sent via IKEv1 ModeConfig can be
824 configured in the pluto section of strongswan.conf.
830 - The new server-side EAP RADIUS plugin (--enable-eap-radius)
831 relays EAP messages to and from a RADIUS server. Successfully
832 tested with with a freeradius server using EAP-MD5 and EAP-SIM.
834 - A vulnerability in the Dead Peer Detection (RFC 3706) code was found by
835 Gerd v. Egidy <gerd.von.egidy@intra2net.com> of Intra2net AG affecting
836 all Openswan and strongSwan releases. A malicious (or expired ISAKMP)
837 R_U_THERE or R_U_THERE_ACK Dead Peer Detection packet can cause the
838 pluto IKE daemon to crash and restart. No authentication or encryption
839 is required to trigger this bug. One spoofed UDP packet can cause the
840 pluto IKE daemon to restart and be unresponsive for a few seconds while
841 restarting. This DPD null state vulnerability has been officially
842 registered as CVE-2009-0790 and is fixed by this release.
844 - ASN.1 to time_t conversion caused a time wrap-around for
845 dates after Jan 18 03:14:07 UTC 2038 on 32-bit platforms.
846 As a workaround such dates are set to the maximum representable
847 time, i.e. Jan 19 03:14:07 UTC 2038.
849 - Distinguished Names containing wildcards (*) are not sent in the
856 - Fixed a use-after-free bug in the DPD timeout section of the
857 IKEv1 pluto daemon which sporadically caused a segfault.
859 - Fixed a crash in the IKEv2 charon daemon occurring with
860 mixed RAM-based and SQL-based virtual IP address pools.
862 - Fixed ASN.1 parsing of algorithmIdentifier objects where the
863 parameters field is optional.
865 - Ported nm plugin to NetworkManager 7.1.
871 - Support of the EAP-MSCHAPv2 protocol enabled by the option
872 --enable-eap-mschapv2. Requires the MD4 hash algorithm enabled
873 either by --enable-md4 or --enable-openssl.
875 - Assignment of up to two DNS and up to two WINS servers to peers via
876 the IKEv2 Configuration Payload (CP). The IPv4 or IPv6 nameserver
877 addresses are defined in strongswan.conf.
879 - The strongSwan applet for the Gnome NetworkManager is now built and
880 distributed as a separate tarball under the name NetworkManager-strongswan.
886 - Fixed ESP NULL encryption broken by the refactoring of keymat.c.
887 Also introduced proper initialization and disposal of keying material.
889 - Fixed the missing listing of connection definitions in ipsec statusall
890 broken by an unfortunate local variable overload.
896 - Several performance improvements to handle thousands of tunnels with almost
897 linear upscaling. All relevant data structures have been replaced by faster
898 counterparts with better lookup times.
900 - Better parallelization to run charon on multiple cores. Due to improved
901 ressource locking and other optimizations the daemon can take full
902 advantage of 16 or even more cores.
904 - The load-tester plugin can use a NULL Diffie-Hellman group and simulate
905 unique identities and certificates by signing peer certificates using a CA
908 - The redesigned stroke in-memory IP pool handles leases. The "ipsec leases"
909 command queries assigned leases.
911 - Added support for smartcards in charon by using the ENGINE API provided by
912 OpenSSL, based on patches by Michael Roßberg.
914 - The Padlock plugin supports the hardware RNG found on VIA CPUs to provide a
915 reliable source of randomness.
920 - Flexible configuration of logging subsystem allowing to log to multiple
921 syslog facilities or to files using fine-grained log levels for each target.
923 - Load testing plugin to do stress testing of the IKEv2 daemon against self
924 or another host. Found and fixed issues during tests in the multi-threaded
925 use of the OpenSSL plugin.
927 - Added profiling code to synchronization primitives to find bottlenecks if
928 running on multiple cores. Found and fixed an issue where parts of the
929 Diffie-Hellman calculation acquired an exclusive lock. This greatly improves
930 parallelization to multiple cores.
932 - updown script invocation has been separated into a plugin of its own to
933 further slim down the daemon core.
935 - Separated IKE_SA/CHILD_SA key derivation process into a closed system,
936 allowing future implementations to use a secured environment in e.g. kernel
939 - The kernel interface of charon has been modularized. XFRM NETLINK (default)
940 and PFKEY (--enable-kernel-pfkey) interface plugins for the native IPsec
941 stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel as well as a PFKEY interface for the KLIPS
942 IPsec stack (--enable-kernel-klips) are provided.
944 - Basic Mobile IPv6 support has been introduced, securing Binding Update
945 messages as well as tunneled traffic between Mobile Node and Home Agent.
946 The installpolicy=no option allows peaceful cooperation with a dominant
947 mip6d daemon and the new type=transport_proxy implements the special MIPv6
948 IPsec transport proxy mode where the IKEv2 daemon uses the Care-of-Address
949 but the IPsec SA is set up for the Home Address.
951 - Implemented migration of Mobile IPv6 connections using the KMADDRESS
952 field contained in XFRM_MSG_MIGRATE messages sent by the mip6d daemon
953 via the Linux 2.6.28 (or appropriately patched) kernel.
959 - IKEv2 charon daemon supports authentication based on raw public keys
960 stored in the SQL database backend. The ipsec listpubkeys command
961 lists the available raw public keys via the stroke interface.
963 - Several MOBIKE improvements: Detect changes in NAT mappings in DPD exchanges,
964 handle events if kernel detects NAT mapping changes in UDP-encapsulated
965 ESP packets (requires kernel patch), reuse old addesses in MOBIKE updates as
966 long as possible and other fixes.
968 - Fixed a bug in addr_in_subnet() which caused insertion of wrong source
969 routes for destination subnets having netwmasks not being a multiple of 8 bits.
970 Thanks go to Wolfgang Steudel, TU Ilmenau for reporting this bug.
976 - Fixed a Denial-of-Service vulnerability where an IKE_SA_INIT message with
977 a KE payload containing zeroes only can cause a crash of the IKEv2 charon
978 daemon due to a NULL pointer returned by the mpz_export() function of the
979 GNU Multiprecision Library (GMP). Thanks go to Mu Dynamics Research Labs
980 for making us aware of this problem.
982 - The new agent plugin provides a private key implementation on top of an
985 - The NetworkManager plugin has been extended to support certificate client
986 authentication using RSA keys loaded from a file or using ssh-agent.
988 - Daemon capability dropping has been ported to libcap and must be enabled
989 explicitly --with-capabilities=libcap. Future version will support the
990 newer libcap2 library.
992 - ipsec listalgs lists the IKEv2 cryptografic algorithms registered with the
993 charon keying daemon.
999 - A NetworkManager plugin allows GUI-based configuration of road-warrior
1000 clients in a simple way. It features X509 based gateway authentication
1001 and EAP client authentication, tunnel setup/teardown and storing passwords
1002 in the Gnome Keyring.
1004 - A new EAP-GTC plugin implements draft-sheffer-ikev2-gtc-00.txt and allows
1005 username/password authentication against any PAM service on the gateway.
1006 The new EAP method interacts nicely with the NetworkManager plugin and allows
1007 client authentication against e.g. LDAP.
1009 - Improved support for the EAP-Identity method. The new ipsec.conf eap_identity
1010 parameter defines an additional identity to pass to the server in EAP
1013 - The "ipsec statusall" command now lists CA restrictions, EAP
1014 authentication types and EAP identities.
1016 - Fixed two multithreading deadlocks occurring when starting up
1017 several hundred tunnels concurrently.
1019 - Fixed the --enable-integrity-test configure option which
1020 computes a SHA-1 checksum over the libstrongswan library.
1026 - Consistent logging of IKE and CHILD SAs at the audit (AUD) level.
1028 - Improved the performance of the SQL-based virtual IP address pool
1029 by introducing an additional addresses table. The leases table
1030 storing only history information has become optional and can be
1031 disabled by setting charon.plugins.sql.lease_history = no in
1034 - The XFRM_STATE_AF_UNSPEC flag added to xfrm.h allows IPv4-over-IPv6
1035 and IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnels with the 2.6.26 and later Linux kernels.
1037 - management of different virtual IP pools for different
1038 network interfaces have become possible.
1040 - fixed a bug which prevented the assignment of more than 256
1041 virtual IP addresses from a pool managed by an sql database.
1043 - fixed a bug which did not delete own IPCOMP SAs in the kernel.
1049 - Added statistics functions to ipsec pool --status and ipsec pool --leases
1050 and input validation checks to various ipsec pool commands.
1052 - ipsec statusall now lists all loaded charon plugins and displays
1053 the negotiated IKEv2 cipher suite proposals.
1055 - The openssl plugin supports the elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman groups
1056 19, 20, 21, 25, and 26.
1058 - The openssl plugin supports ECDSA authentication using elliptic curve
1061 - Fixed a bug in stroke which caused multiple charon threads to close
1062 the file descriptors during packet transfers over the stroke socket.
1064 - ESP sequence numbers are now migrated in IPsec SA updates handled by
1065 MOBIKE. Works only with Linux kernels >= 2.6.17.
1071 - Fixed the strongswan.conf path configuration problem that occurred when
1072 --sysconfig was not set explicitly in ./configure.
1074 - Fixed a number of minor bugs that where discovered during the 4th
1075 IKEv2 interoperability workshop in San Antonio, TX.
1081 - Plugins for libstrongswan and charon can optionally be loaded according
1082 to a configuration in strongswan.conf. Most components provide a
1083 "load = " option followed by a space separated list of plugins to load.
1084 This allows e.g. the fallback from a hardware crypto accelerator to
1085 to software-based crypto plugins.
1087 - Charons SQL plugin has been extended by a virtual IP address pool.
1088 Configurations with a rightsourceip=%poolname setting query a SQLite or
1089 MySQL database for leases. The "ipsec pool" command helps in administrating
1090 the pool database. See ipsec pool --help for the available options
1092 - The Authenticated Encryption Algorithms AES-CCM-8/12/16 and AES-GCM-8/12/16
1093 for ESP are now supported starting with the Linux 2.6.25 kernel. The
1094 syntax is e.g. esp=aes128ccm12 or esp=aes256gcm16.
1100 - Support for "Hash and URL" encoded certificate payloads has been implemented
1101 in the IKEv2 daemon charon. Using the "certuribase" option of a CA section
1102 allows to assign a base URL to all certificates issued by the specified CA.
1103 The final URL is then built by concatenating that base and the hex encoded
1104 SHA1 hash of the DER encoded certificate. Note that this feature is disabled
1105 by default and must be enabled using the option "charon.hash_and_url".
1107 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports the "uniqueids" option to close multiple
1108 IKE_SAs with the same peer. The option value "keep" prefers existing
1109 connection setups over new ones, where the value "replace" replaces existing
1112 - The crypto factory in libstrongswan additionally supports random number
1113 generators, plugins may provide other sources of randomness. The default
1114 plugin reads raw random data from /dev/(u)random.
1116 - Extended the credential framework by a caching option to allow plugins
1117 persistent caching of fetched credentials. The "cachecrl" option has been
1120 - The new trustchain verification introduced in 4.2.0 has been parallelized.
1121 Threads fetching CRL or OCSP information no longer block other threads.
1123 - A new IKEv2 configuration attribute framework has been introduced allowing
1124 plugins to provide virtual IP addresses, and in the future, other
1125 configuration attribute services (e.g. DNS/WINS servers).
1127 - The stroke plugin has been extended to provide virtual IP addresses from
1128 a pool defined in ipsec.conf. The "rightsourceip" parameter now accepts
1129 address pools in CIDR notation (e.g. 10.1.1.0/24). The parameter also accepts
1130 the value "%poolname", where "poolname" identifies a pool provided by a
1133 - Fixed compilation on uClibc and a couple of other minor bugs.
1135 - Set DPD defaults in ipsec starter to dpd_delay=30s and dpd_timeout=150s.
1137 - The IKEv1 pluto daemon now supports the ESP encryption algorithm CAMELLIA
1138 with key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, as well as the authentication
1139 algorithm AES_XCBC_MAC. Configuration example: esp=camellia192-aesxcbc.
1145 - libstrongswan has been modularized to attach crypto algorithms,
1146 credential implementations (keys, certificates) and fetchers dynamically
1147 through plugins. Existing code has been ported to plugins:
1148 - RSA/Diffie-Hellman implementation using the GNU Multi Precision library
1149 - X509 certificate system supporting CRLs, OCSP and attribute certificates
1150 - Multiple plugins providing crypto algorithms in software
1151 - CURL and OpenLDAP fetcher
1153 - libstrongswan gained a relational database API which uses pluggable database
1154 providers. Plugins for MySQL and SQLite are available.
1156 - The IKEv2 keying daemon charon is more extensible. Generic plugins may provide
1157 connection configuration, credentials and EAP methods or control the daemon.
1158 Existing code has been ported to plugins:
1159 - EAP-AKA, EAP-SIM, EAP-MD5 and EAP-Identity
1160 - stroke configuration, credential and control (compatible to pluto)
1161 - XML bases management protocol to control and query the daemon
1162 The following new plugins are available:
1163 - An experimental SQL configuration, credential and logging plugin on
1164 top of either MySQL or SQLite
1165 - A unit testing plugin to run tests at daemon startup
1167 - The authentication and credential framework in charon has been heavily
1168 refactored to support modular credential providers, proper
1169 CERTREQ/CERT payload exchanges and extensible authorization rules.
1171 - The framework of strongSwan Manager has envolved to the web application
1172 framework libfast (FastCGI Application Server w/ Templates) and is usable
1173 by other applications.
1179 - IKE rekeying in NAT situations did not inherit the NAT conditions
1180 to the rekeyed IKE_SA so that the UDP encapsulation was lost with
1181 the next CHILD_SA rekeying.
1183 - Wrong type definition of the next_payload variable in id_payload.c
1184 caused an INVALID_SYNTAX error on PowerPC platforms.
1186 - Implemented IKEv2 EAP-SIM server and client test modules that use
1187 triplets stored in a file. For details on the configuration see
1188 the scenario 'ikev2/rw-eap-sim-rsa'.
1194 - Fixed error in the ordering of the certinfo_t records in the ocsp cache that
1195 caused multiple entries of the same serial number to be created.
1197 - Implementation of a simple EAP-MD5 module which provides CHAP
1198 authentication. This may be interesting in conjunction with certificate
1199 based server authentication, as weak passwords can't be brute forced
1200 (in contradiction to traditional IKEv2 PSK).
1202 - A complete software based implementation of EAP-AKA, using algorithms
1203 specified in 3GPP2 (S.S0055). This implementation does not use an USIM,
1204 but reads the secrets from ipsec.secrets. Make sure to read eap_aka.h
1207 - Support for vendor specific EAP methods using Expanded EAP types. The
1208 interface to EAP modules has been slightly changed, so make sure to
1209 check the changes if you're already rolling your own modules.
1215 - The default _updown script now dynamically inserts and removes ip6tables
1216 firewall rules if leftfirewall=yes is set in IPv6 connections. New IPv6
1217 net-net and roadwarrior (PSK/RSA) scenarios for both IKEv1 and IKEV2 were
1220 - Implemented RFC4478 repeated authentication to force EAP/Virtual-IP clients
1221 to reestablish an IKE_SA within a given timeframe.
1223 - strongSwan Manager supports configuration listing, initiation and termination
1224 of IKE and CHILD_SAs.
1226 - Fixes and improvements to multithreading code.
1228 - IKEv2 plugins have been renamed to libcharon-* to avoid naming conflicts.
1229 Make sure to remove the old plugins in $libexecdir/ipsec, otherwise they get
1236 - Removed recursive pthread mutexes since uClibc doesn't support them.
1242 - In NAT traversal situations and multiple queued Quick Modes,
1243 those pending connections inserted by auto=start after the
1244 port floating from 500 to 4500 were erronously deleted.
1246 - Added a "forceencaps" connection parameter to enforce UDP encapsulation
1247 to surmount restrictive firewalls. NAT detection payloads are faked to
1248 simulate a NAT situation and trick the other peer into NAT mode (IKEv2 only).
1250 - Preview of strongSwan Manager, a web based configuration and monitoring
1251 application. It uses a new XML control interface to query the IKEv2 daemon
1252 (see http://wiki.strongswan.org/wiki/Manager).
1254 - Experimental SQLite configuration backend which will provide the configuration
1255 interface for strongSwan Manager in future releases.
1257 - Further improvements to MOBIKE support.
1263 - Since some third party IKEv2 implementations run into
1264 problems with strongSwan announcing MOBIKE capability per
1265 default, MOBIKE can be disabled on a per-connection-basis
1266 using the mobike=no option. Whereas mobike=no disables the
1267 sending of the MOBIKE_SUPPORTED notification and the floating
1268 to UDP port 4500 with the IKE_AUTH request even if no NAT
1269 situation has been detected, strongSwan will still support
1270 MOBIKE acting as a responder.
1272 - the default ipsec routing table plus its corresponding priority
1273 used for inserting source routes has been changed from 100 to 220.
1274 It can be configured using the --with-ipsec-routing-table and
1275 --with-ipsec-routing-table-prio options.
1277 - the --enable-integrity-test configure option tests the
1278 integrity of the libstrongswan crypto code during the charon
1281 - the --disable-xauth-vid configure option disables the sending
1282 of the XAUTH vendor ID. This can be used as a workaround when
1283 interoperating with some Windows VPN clients that get into
1284 trouble upon reception of an XAUTH VID without eXtended
1285 AUTHentication having been configured.
1287 - ipsec stroke now supports the rereadsecrets, rereadaacerts,
1288 rereadacerts, and listacerts options.
1294 - If a DNS lookup failure occurs when resolving right=%<FQDN>
1295 or right=<FQDN> combined with rightallowany=yes then the
1296 connection is not updated by ipsec starter thus preventing
1297 the disruption of an active IPsec connection. Only if the DNS
1298 lookup successfully returns with a changed IP address the
1299 corresponding connection definition is updated.
1301 - Routes installed by the keying daemons are now in a separate
1302 routing table with the ID 100 to avoid conflicts with the main
1303 table. Route lookup for IKEv2 traffic is done in userspace to ignore
1304 routes installed for IPsec, as IKE traffic shouldn't get encapsulated.
1310 - The pluto IKEv1 daemon now exhibits the same behaviour as its
1311 IKEv2 companion charon by inserting an explicit route via the
1312 _updown script only if a sourceip exists. This is admissible
1313 since routing through the IPsec tunnel is handled automatically
1314 by NETKEY's IPsec policies. As a consequence the left|rightnexthop
1315 parameter is not required any more.
1317 - The new IKEv1 parameter right|leftallowany parameters helps to handle
1318 the case where both peers possess dynamic IP addresses that are
1319 usually resolved using DynDNS or a similar service. The configuration
1324 can be used by the initiator to start up a connection to a peer
1325 by resolving peer.foo.bar into the currently allocated IP address.
1326 Thanks to the rightallowany flag the connection behaves later on
1331 so that the peer can rekey the connection as an initiator when his
1332 IP address changes. An alternative notation is
1336 which will implicitly set rightallowany=yes.
1338 - ipsec starter now fails more gracefully in the presence of parsing
1339 errors. Flawed ca and conn section are discarded and pluto is started
1340 if non-fatal errors only were encountered. If right=%peer.foo.bar
1341 cannot be resolved by DNS then right=%any will be used so that passive
1342 connections as a responder are still possible.
1344 - The new pkcs11initargs parameter that can be placed in the
1345 setup config section of /etc/ipsec.conf allows the definition
1346 of an argument string that is used with the PKCS#11 C_Initialize()
1347 function. This non-standard feature is required by the NSS softoken
1348 library. This patch was contributed by Robert Varga.
1350 - Fixed a bug in ipsec starter introduced by strongswan-2.8.5
1351 which caused a segmentation fault in the presence of unknown
1352 or misspelt keywords in ipsec.conf. This bug fix was contributed
1355 - Partial support for MOBIKE in IKEv2. The initiator acts on interface/
1356 address configuration changes and updates IKE and IPsec SAs dynamically.
1362 - IKEv2 peer configuration selection now can be based on a given
1363 certification authority using the rightca= statement.
1365 - IKEv2 authentication based on RSA signatures now can handle multiple
1366 certificates issued for a given peer ID. This allows a smooth transition
1367 in the case of a peer certificate renewal.
1369 - IKEv2: Support for requesting a specific virtual IP using leftsourceip on the
1370 client and returning requested virtual IPs using rightsourceip=%config
1371 on the server. If the server does not support configuration payloads, the
1372 client enforces its leftsourceip parameter.
1374 - The ./configure options --with-uid/--with-gid allow pluto and charon
1375 to drop their privileges to a minimum and change to an other UID/GID. This
1376 improves the systems security, as a possible intruder may only get the
1377 CAP_NET_ADMIN capability.
1379 - Further modularization of charon: Pluggable control interface and
1380 configuration backend modules provide extensibility. The control interface
1381 for stroke is included, and further interfaces using DBUS (NetworkManager)
1382 or XML are on the way. A backend for storing configurations in the daemon
1383 is provided and more advanced backends (using e.g. a database) are trivial
1386 - Fixed a compilation failure in libfreeswan occurring with Linux kernel
1393 - Support for an additional Diffie-Hellman exchange when creating/rekeying
1394 a CHILD_SA in IKEv2 (PFS). PFS is enabled when the proposal contains a
1395 DH group (e.g. "esp=aes128-sha1-modp1536"). Further, DH group negotiation
1396 is implemented properly for rekeying.
1398 - Support for the AES-XCBC-96 MAC algorithm for IPsec SAs when using IKEv2
1399 (requires linux >= 2.6.20). It is enabled using e.g. "esp=aes256-aesxcbc".
1401 - Working IPv4-in-IPv6 and IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels for linux >= 2.6.21.
1403 - Added support for EAP modules which do not establish an MSK.
1405 - Removed the dependencies from the /usr/include/linux/ headers by
1406 including xfrm.h, ipsec.h, and pfkeyv2.h in the distribution.
1408 - crlNumber is now listed by ipsec listcrls
1410 - The xauth_modules.verify_secret() function now passes the
1417 - Server side cookie support. If to may IKE_SAs are in CONNECTING state,
1418 cookies are enabled and protect against DoS attacks with faked source
1419 addresses. Number of IKE_SAs in CONNECTING state is also limited per
1420 peer address to avoid resource exhaustion. IKE_SA_INIT messages are
1421 compared to properly detect retransmissions and incoming retransmits are
1422 detected even if the IKE_SA is blocked (e.g. doing OCSP fetches).
1424 - The IKEv2 daemon charon now supports dynamic http- and ldap-based CRL
1425 fetching enabled by crlcheckinterval > 0 and caching fetched CRLs
1426 enabled by cachecrls=yes.
1428 - Added the configuration options --enable-nat-transport which enables
1429 the potentially insecure NAT traversal for IPsec transport mode and
1430 --disable-vendor-id which disables the sending of the strongSwan
1433 - Fixed a long-standing bug in the pluto IKEv1 daemon which caused
1434 a segmentation fault if a malformed payload was detected in the
1435 IKE MR2 message and pluto tried to send an encrypted notification
1438 - Added the NATT_IETF_02_N Vendor ID in order to support IKEv1 connections
1439 with Windows 2003 Server which uses a wrong VID hash.
1445 - Support of SHA2_384 hash function for protecting IKEv1
1446 negotiations and support of SHA2 signatures in X.509 certificates.
1448 - Fixed a serious bug in the computation of the SHA2-512 HMAC
1449 function. Introduced automatic self-test of all IKEv1 hash
1450 and hmac functions during pluto startup. Failure of a self-test
1451 currently issues a warning only but does not exit pluto [yet].
1453 - Support for SHA2-256/384/512 PRF and HMAC functions in IKEv2.
1455 - Full support of CA information sections. ipsec listcainfos
1456 now shows all collected crlDistributionPoints and OCSP
1459 - Support of the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) for IKEv2.
1460 This feature requires the HTTP fetching capabilities of the libcurl
1461 library which must be enabled by setting the --enable-http configure
1464 - Refactored core of the IKEv2 message processing code, allowing better
1465 code reuse and separation.
1467 - Virtual IP support in IKEv2 using INTERNAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS configuration
1468 payload. Additionally, the INTERNAL_IP4/6_DNS attribute is interpreted
1469 by the requestor and installed in a resolv.conf file.
1471 - The IKEv2 daemon charon installs a route for each IPsec policy to use
1472 the correct source address even if an application does not explicitly
1475 - Integrated the EAP framework into charon which loads pluggable EAP library
1476 modules. The ipsec.conf parameter authby=eap initiates EAP authentication
1477 on the client side, while the "eap" parameter on the server side defines
1478 the EAP method to use for client authentication.
1479 A generic client side EAP-Identity module and an EAP-SIM authentication
1480 module using a third party card reader implementation are included.
1482 - Added client side support for cookies.
1484 - Integrated the fixes done at the IKEv2 interoperability bakeoff, including
1485 strict payload order, correct INVALID_KE_PAYLOAD rejection and other minor
1486 fixes to enhance interoperability with other implementations.
1492 - strongSwan now interoperates with the NCP Secure Entry Client,
1493 the Shrew Soft VPN Client, and the Cisco VPN client, doing both
1494 XAUTH and Mode Config.
1496 - UNITY attributes are now recognized and UNITY_BANNER is set
1497 to a default string.
1503 - IKEv1: Support for extended authentication (XAUTH) in combination
1504 with ISAKMP Main Mode RSA or PSK authentication. Both client and
1505 server side were implemented. Handling of user credentials can
1506 be done by a run-time loadable XAUTH module. By default user
1507 credentials are stored in ipsec.secrets.
1509 - IKEv2: Support for reauthentication when rekeying
1511 - IKEv2: Support for transport mode
1513 - fixed a lot of bugs related to byte order
1515 - various other bugfixes
1521 - IKEv1: Implementation of ModeConfig push mode via the new connection
1522 keyword modeconfig=push allows interoperability with Cisco VPN gateways.
1524 - IKEv1: The command ipsec statusall now shows "DPD active" for all
1525 ISAKMP SAs that are under active Dead Peer Detection control.
1527 - IKEv2: Charon's logging and debugging framework has been completely rewritten.
1528 Instead of logger, special printf() functions are used to directly
1529 print objects like hosts (%H) identifications (%D), certificates (%Q),
1530 etc. The number of debugging levels have been reduced to:
1532 0 (audit), 1 (control), 2 (controlmore), 3 (raw), 4 (private)
1534 The debugging levels can either be specified statically in ipsec.conf as
1537 charondebug="lib 1, cfg 3, net 2"
1539 or changed at runtime via stroke as
1541 ipsec stroke loglevel cfg 2
1547 - Implemented full support for IPv6-in-IPv6 tunnels.
1549 - Added configuration options for dead peer detection in IKEv2. dpd_action
1550 types "clear", "hold" and "restart" are supported. The dpd_timeout
1551 value is not used, as the normal retransmission policy applies to
1552 detect dead peers. The dpd_delay parameter enables sending of empty
1553 informational message to detect dead peers in case of inactivity.
1555 - Added support for preshared keys in IKEv2. PSK keys configured in
1556 ipsec.secrets are loaded. The authby parameter specifies the authentication
1557 method to authentificate ourself, the other peer may use PSK or RSA.
1559 - Changed retransmission policy to respect the keyingtries parameter.
1561 - Added private key decryption. PEM keys encrypted with AES-128/192/256
1562 or 3DES are supported.
1564 - Implemented DES/3DES algorithms in libstrongswan. 3DES can be used to
1565 encrypt IKE traffic.
1567 - Implemented SHA-256/384/512 in libstrongswan, allows usage of certificates
1568 signed with such a hash algorithm.
1570 - Added initial support for updown scripts. The actions up-host/client and
1571 down-host/client are executed. The leftfirewall=yes parameter
1572 uses the default updown script to insert dynamic firewall rules, a custom
1573 updown script may be specified with the leftupdown parameter.
1579 - Added support for the auto=route ipsec.conf parameter and the
1580 ipsec route/unroute commands for IKEv2. This allows to set up IKE_SAs and
1581 CHILD_SAs dynamically on demand when traffic is detected by the
1584 - Added support for rekeying IKE_SAs in IKEv2 using the ikelifetime parameter.
1585 As specified in IKEv2, no reauthentication is done (unlike in IKEv1), only
1586 new keys are generated using perfect forward secrecy. An optional flag
1587 which enforces reauthentication will be implemented later.
1589 - "sha" and "sha1" are now treated as synonyms in the ike= and esp=
1590 algorithm configuration statements.
1596 - Full X.509 certificate trust chain verification has been implemented.
1597 End entity certificates can be exchanged via CERT payloads. The current
1598 default is leftsendcert=always, since CERTREQ payloads are not supported
1599 yet. Optional CRLs must be imported locally into /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
1601 - Added support for leftprotoport/rightprotoport parameters in IKEv2. IKEv2
1602 would offer more possibilities for traffic selection, but the Linux kernel
1603 currently does not support it. That's why we stick with these simple
1604 ipsec.conf rules for now.
1606 - Added Dead Peer Detection (DPD) which checks liveliness of remote peer if no
1607 IKE or ESP traffic is received. DPD is currently hardcoded (dpdaction=clear,
1610 - Initial NAT traversal support in IKEv2. Charon includes NAT detection
1611 notify payloads to detect NAT routers between the peers. It switches
1612 to port 4500, uses UDP encapsulated ESP packets, handles peer address
1613 changes gracefully and sends keep alive message periodically.
1615 - Reimplemented IKE_SA state machine for charon, which allows simultaneous
1616 rekeying, more shared code, cleaner design, proper retransmission
1617 and a more extensible code base.
1619 - The mixed PSK/RSA roadwarrior detection capability introduced by the
1620 strongswan-2.7.0 release necessitated the pre-parsing of the IKE proposal
1621 payloads by the responder right before any defined IKE Main Mode state had
1622 been established. Although any form of bad proposal syntax was being correctly
1623 detected by the payload parser, the subsequent error handler didn't check
1624 the state pointer before logging current state information, causing an
1625 immediate crash of the pluto keying daemon due to a NULL pointer.
1631 - Added algorithm selection to charon: New default algorithms for
1632 ike=aes128-sha-modp2048, as both daemons support it. The default
1633 for IPsec SAs is now esp=aes128-sha,3des-md5. charon handles
1634 the ike/esp parameter the same way as pluto. As this syntax does
1635 not allow specification of a pseudo random function, the same
1636 algorithm as for integrity is used (currently sha/md5). Supported
1638 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256
1639 Integrity/PRF: md5, sha (using hmac)
1640 DH-Groups: modp768, 1024, 1536, 2048, 4096, 8192
1642 Encryption: aes128, aes192, aes256, 3des, blowfish128,
1643 blowfish192, blowfish256
1644 Integrity: md5, sha1
1645 More IKE encryption algorithms will come after porting libcrypto into
1648 - initial support for rekeying CHILD_SAs using IKEv2. Currently no
1649 perfect forward secrecy is used. The rekeying parameters rekey,
1650 rekeymargin, rekeyfuzz and keylife from ipsec.conf are now supported
1651 when using IKEv2. WARNING: charon currently is unable to handle
1652 simultaneous rekeying. To avoid such a situation, use a large
1653 rekeyfuzz, or even better, set rekey=no on one peer.
1655 - support for host2host, net2net, host2net (roadwarrior) tunnels
1656 using predefined RSA certificates (see uml scenarios for
1657 configuration examples).
1659 - new build environment featuring autotools. Features such
1660 as HTTP, LDAP and smartcard support may be enabled using
1661 the ./configure script. Changing install directories
1662 is possible, too. See ./configure --help for more details.
1664 - better integration of charon with ipsec starter, which allows
1665 (almost) transparent operation with both daemons. charon
1666 handles ipsec commands up, down, status, statusall, listall,
1667 listcerts and allows proper load, reload and delete of connections
1674 - initial support of the IKEv2 protocol. Connections in
1675 ipsec.conf designated by keyexchange=ikev2 are negotiated
1676 by the new IKEv2 charon keying daemon whereas those marked
1677 by keyexchange=ikev1 or the default keyexchange=ike are
1678 handled thy the IKEv1 pluto keying daemon. Currently only
1679 a limited subset of functions are available with IKEv2
1680 (Default AES encryption, authentication based on locally
1681 imported X.509 certificates, unencrypted private RSA keys
1682 in PKCS#1 file format, limited functionality of the ipsec
1689 - the dynamic iptables rules from the _updown_x509 template
1690 for KLIPS and the _updown_policy template for NETKEY have
1691 been merged into the default _updown script. The existing
1692 left|rightfirewall keyword causes the automatic insertion
1693 and deletion of ACCEPT rules for tunneled traffic upon
1694 the successful setup and teardown of an IPsec SA, respectively.
1695 left|rightfirwall can be used with KLIPS under any Linux 2.4
1696 kernel or with NETKEY under a Linux kernel version >= 2.6.16
1697 in conjunction with iptables >= 1.3.5. For NETKEY under a Linux
1698 kernel version < 2.6.16 which does not support IPsec policy
1699 matching yet, please continue to use a copy of the _updown_espmark
1700 template loaded via the left|rightupdown keyword.
1702 - a new left|righthostaccess keyword has been introduced which
1703 can be used in conjunction with left|rightfirewall and the
1704 default _updown script. By default leftfirewall=yes inserts
1705 a bi-directional iptables FORWARD rule for a local client network
1706 with a netmask different from 255.255.255.255 (single host).
1707 This does not allow to access the VPN gateway host via its
1708 internal network interface which is part of the client subnet
1709 because an iptables INPUT and OUTPUT rule would be required.
1710 lefthostaccess=yes will cause this additional ACCEPT rules to
1713 - mixed PSK|RSA roadwarriors are now supported. The ISAKMP proposal
1714 payload is preparsed in order to find out whether the roadwarrior
1715 requests PSK or RSA so that a matching connection candidate can
1722 - the new _updown_policy template allows ipsec policy based
1723 iptables firewall rules. Required are iptables version
1724 >= 1.3.5 and linux kernel >= 2.6.16. This script obsoletes
1725 the _updown_espmark template, so that no INPUT mangle rules
1726 are required any more.
1728 - added support of DPD restart mode
1730 - ipsec starter now allows the use of wildcards in include
1731 statements as e.g. in "include /etc/my_ipsec/*.conf".
1732 Patch courtesy of Matthias Haas.
1734 - the Netscape OID 'employeeNumber' is now recognized and can be
1735 used as a Relative Distinguished Name in certificates.
1741 - /etc/init.d/ipsec or /etc/rc.d/ipsec is now a copy of the ipsec
1742 command and not of ipsec setup any more.
1744 - ipsec starter now supports AH authentication in conjunction with
1745 ESP encryption. AH authentication is configured in ipsec.conf
1746 via the auth=ah parameter.
1748 - The command ipsec scencrypt|scdecrypt <args> is now an alias for
1749 ipsec whack --scencrypt|scdecrypt <args>.
1751 - get_sa_info() now determines for the native netkey IPsec stack
1752 the exact time of the last use of an active eroute. This information
1753 is used by the Dead Peer Detection algorithm and is also displayed by
1754 the ipsec status command.
1760 - running under the native Linux 2.6 IPsec stack, the function
1761 get_sa_info() is called by ipsec auto --status to display the current
1762 number of transmitted bytes per IPsec SA.
1764 - get_sa_info() is also used by the Dead Peer Detection process to detect
1765 recent ESP activity. If ESP traffic was received from the peer within
1766 the last dpd_delay interval then no R_Y_THERE notification must be sent.
1768 - strongSwan now supports the Relative Distinguished Name "unstructuredName"
1769 in ID_DER_ASN1_DN identities. The following notations are possible:
1771 rightid="unstructuredName=John Doe"
1772 rightid="UN=John Doe"
1774 - fixed a long-standing bug which caused PSK-based roadwarrior connections
1775 to segfault in the function id.c:same_id() called by keys.c:get_secret()
1776 if an FQDN, USER_FQDN, or Key ID was defined, as in the following example.
1783 - the ipsec command now supports most ipsec auto commands (e.g. ipsec listall).
1785 - ipsec starter didn't set host_addr and client.addr ports in whack msg.
1787 - in order to guarantee backwards-compatibility with the script-based
1788 auto function (e.g. auto --replace), the ipsec starter scripts stores
1789 the defaultroute information in the temporary file /var/run/ipsec.info.
1791 - The compile-time option USE_XAUTH_VID enables the sending of the XAUTH
1792 Vendor ID which is expected by Cisco PIX 7 boxes that act as IKE Mode Config
1795 - the ipsec starter now also recognizes the parameters authby=never and
1796 type=passthrough|pass|drop|reject.
1802 - ipsec starter now supports the also parameter which allows
1803 a modular structure of the connection definitions. Thus
1804 "ipsec start" is now ready to replace "ipsec setup".
1810 - Mathieu Lafon's popular ipsec starter tool has been added to the
1811 strongSwan distribution. Many thanks go to Stephan Scholz from astaro
1812 for his integration work. ipsec starter is a C program which is going
1813 to replace the various shell and awk starter scripts (setup, _plutoload,
1814 _plutostart, _realsetup, _startklips, _confread, and auto). Since
1815 ipsec.conf is now parsed only once, the starting of multiple tunnels is
1816 accelerated tremedously.
1818 - Added support of %defaultroute to the ipsec starter. If the IP address
1819 changes, a HUP signal to the ipsec starter will automatically
1820 reload pluto's connections.
1822 - moved most compile time configurations from pluto/Makefile to
1823 Makefile.inc by defining the options USE_LIBCURL, USE_LDAP,
1824 USE_SMARTCARD, and USE_NAT_TRAVERSAL_TRANSPORT_MODE.
1826 - removed the ipsec verify and ipsec newhostkey commands
1828 - fixed some 64-bit issues in formatted print statements
1830 - The scepclient functionality implementing the Simple Certificate
1831 Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is nearly complete but hasn't been
1838 - CA certicates are now automatically loaded from a smartcard
1839 or USB crypto token and appear in the ipsec auto --listcacerts
1846 - when using "ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>" with a PKCS#11
1847 library that does not support the C_Encrypt() Cryptoki
1848 function (e.g. OpenSC), the RSA encryption is done in
1849 software using the public key fetched from the smartcard.
1851 - The scepclient function now allows to define the
1852 validity of a self-signed certificate using the --days,
1853 --startdate, and --enddate options. The default validity
1854 has been changed from one year to five years.
1860 - the config setup parameter pkcs11proxy=yes opens pluto's PKCS#11
1861 interface to other applications for RSA encryption and decryption
1862 via the whack interface. Notation:
1864 ipsec whack --scencrypt <data>
1865 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1866 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1869 ipsec whack --scdecrypt <data>
1870 [--inbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1871 [--outbase 16|hex|64|base64|256|text|ascii]
1874 The default setting for inbase and outbase is hex.
1876 The new proxy interface can be used for securing symmetric
1877 encryption keys required by the cryptoloop or dm-crypt
1878 disk encryption schemes, especially in the case when
1879 pkcs11keepstate=yes causes pluto to lock the pkcs11 slot
1882 - if the file /etc/ipsec.secrets is lacking during the startup of
1883 pluto then the root-readable file /etc/ipsec.d/private/myKey.der
1884 containing a 2048 bit RSA private key and a matching self-signed
1885 certificate stored in the file /etc/ipsec.d/certs/selfCert.der
1886 is automatically generated by calling the function
1888 ipsec scepclient --out pkcs1 --out cert-self
1890 scepclient was written by Jan Hutter and Martin Willi, students
1891 at the University of Applied Sciences in Rapperswil, Switzerland.
1897 - the current extension of the PKCS#7 framework introduced
1898 a parsing error in PKCS#7 wrapped X.509 certificates that are
1899 e.g. transmitted by Windows XP when multi-level CAs are used.
1900 the parsing syntax has been fixed.
1902 - added a patch by Gerald Richter which tolerates multiple occurrences
1903 of the ipsec0 interface when using KLIPS.
1909 - with gawk-3.1.4 the word "default2 has become a protected
1910 keyword for use in switch statements and cannot be used any
1911 more in the strongSwan scripts. This problem has been
1912 solved by renaming "default" to "defaults" and "setdefault"
1913 in the scripts _confread and auto, respectively.
1915 - introduced the parameter leftsendcert with the values
1917 always|yes (the default, always send a cert)
1918 ifasked (send the cert only upon a cert request)
1919 never|no (never send a cert, used for raw RSA keys and
1922 - fixed the initialization of the ESP key length to a default of
1923 128 bits in the case that the peer does not send a key length
1924 attribute for AES encryption.
1926 - applied Herbert Xu's uniqueIDs patch
1928 - applied Herbert Xu's CLOEXEC patches
1934 - CRLs can now be cached also in the case when the issuer's
1935 certificate does not contain a subjectKeyIdentifier field.
1936 In that case the subjectKeyIdentifier is computed by pluto as the
1937 160 bit SHA-1 hash of the issuer's public key in compliance
1938 with section 4.2.1.2 of RFC 3280.
1940 - Fixed a bug introduced by strongswan-2.5.1 which eliminated
1941 not only multiple Quick Modes of a given connection but also
1942 multiple connections between two security gateways.
1948 - Under the native IPsec of the Linux 2.6 kernel, a %trap eroute
1949 installed either by setting auto=route in ipsec.conf or by
1950 a connection put into hold, generates an XFRM_AQUIRE event
1951 for each packet that wants to use the not-yet exisiting
1952 tunnel. Up to now each XFRM_AQUIRE event led to an entry in
1953 the Quick Mode queue, causing multiple IPsec SA to be
1954 established in rapid succession. Starting with strongswan-2.5.1
1955 only a single IPsec SA is established per host-pair connection.
1957 - Right after loading the PKCS#11 module, all smartcard slots are
1958 searched for certificates. The result can be viewed using
1961 ipsec auto --listcards
1963 The certificate objects found in the slots are numbered
1964 starting with #1, #2, etc. This position number can be used to address
1965 certificates (leftcert=%smartcard) and keys (: PIN %smartcard)
1966 in ipsec.conf and ipsec.secrets, respectively:
1968 %smartcard (selects object #1)
1969 %smartcard#1 (selects object #1)
1970 %smartcard#3 (selects object #3)
1972 As an alternative the existing retrieval scheme can be used:
1974 %smartcard:45 (selects object with id=45)
1975 %smartcard0 (selects first object in slot 0)
1976 %smartcard4:45 (selects object in slot 4 with id=45)
1978 - Depending on the settings of CKA_SIGN and CKA_DECRYPT
1979 private key flags either C_Sign() or C_Decrypt() is used
1980 to generate a signature.
1982 - The output buffer length parameter siglen in C_Sign()
1983 is now initialized to the actual size of the output
1984 buffer prior to the function call. This fixes the
1985 CKR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL error that could occur when using
1986 the OpenSC PKCS#11 module.
1988 - Changed the initialization of the PKCS#11 CK_MECHANISM in
1989 C_SignInit() to mech = { CKM_RSA_PKCS, NULL_PTR, 0 }.
1991 - Refactored the RSA public/private key code and transferred it
1992 from keys.c to the new pkcs1.c file as a preparatory step
1993 towards the release of the SCEP client.
1999 - The loading of a PKCS#11 smartcard library module during
2000 runtime does not require OpenSC library functions any more
2001 because the corresponding code has been integrated into
2002 smartcard.c. Also the RSAREF pkcs11 header files have been
2003 included in a newly created pluto/rsaref directory so that
2004 no external include path has to be defined any longer.
2006 - A long-awaited feature has been implemented at last:
2007 The local caching of CRLs fetched via HTTP or LDAP, activated
2008 by the parameter cachecrls=yes in the config setup section
2009 of ipsec.conf. The dynamically fetched CRLs are stored under
2010 a unique file name containing the issuer's subjectKeyID
2011 in /etc/ipsec.d/crls.
2013 - Applied a one-line patch courtesy of Michael Richardson
2014 from the Openswan project which fixes the kernel-oops
2015 in KLIPS when an snmp daemon is running on the same box.
2021 - Eliminated null length CRL distribution point strings.
2023 - Fixed a trust path evaluation bug introduced with 2.4.3
2029 - Improved the joint OCSP / CRL revocation policy.
2030 OCSP responses have precedence over CRL entries.
2032 - Introduced support of CRLv2 reason codes.
2034 - Fixed a bug with key-pad equipped readers which caused
2035 pluto to prompt for the pin via the console when the first
2036 occasion to enter the pin via the key-pad was missed.
2038 - When pluto is built with LDAP_V3 enabled, the library
2039 liblber required by newer versions of openldap is now
2046 - Added the _updown_espmark template which requires all
2047 incoming ESP traffic to be marked with a default mark
2050 - Introduced the pkcs11keepstate parameter in the config setup
2051 section of ipsec.conf. With pkcs11keepstate=yes the PKCS#11
2052 session and login states are kept as long as possible during
2053 the lifetime of pluto. This means that a PIN entry via a key
2054 pad has to be done only once.
2056 - Introduced the pkcs11module parameter in the config setup
2057 section of ipsec.conf which specifies the PKCS#11 module
2058 to be used with smart cards. Example:
2060 pkcs11module=/usr/lib/pkcs11/opensc-pkcs11.lo
2062 - Added support of smartcard readers equipped with a PIN pad.
2064 - Added patch by Jay Pfeifer which detects when netkey
2065 modules have been statically built into the Linux 2.6 kernel.
2067 - Added two patches by Herbert Xu. The first uses ip xfrm
2068 instead of setkey to flush the IPsec policy database. The
2069 second sets the optional flag in inbound IPComp SAs only.
2071 - Applied Ulrich Weber's patch which fixes an interoperability
2072 problem between native IPsec and KLIPS systems caused by
2073 setting the replay window to 32 instead of 0 for ipcomp.
2079 - Fixed a bug which caused an unwanted Mode Config request
2080 to be initiated in the case where "right" was used to denote
2081 the local side in ipsec.conf and "left" the remote side,
2082 contrary to the recommendation that "right" be remote and
2089 - updated Vendor ID to strongSwan-2.4.0
2091 - updated copyright statement to include David Buechi and
2098 - strongSwan now communicates with attached smartcards and
2099 USB crypto tokens via the standardized PKCS #11 interface.
2100 By default the OpenSC library from www.opensc.org is used
2101 but any other PKCS#11 library could be dynamically linked.
2102 strongSwan's PKCS#11 API was implemented by David Buechi
2103 and Michael Meier, both graduates of the Zurich University
2104 of Applied Sciences in Winterthur, Switzerland.
2106 - When a %trap eroute is triggered by an outgoing IP packet
2107 then the native IPsec stack of the Linux 2.6 kernel [often/
2108 always?] returns an XFRM_ACQUIRE message with an undefined
2109 protocol family field and the connection setup fails.
2110 As a workaround IPv4 (AF_INET) is now assumed.
2112 - the results of the UML test scenarios are now enhanced
2113 with block diagrams of the virtual network topology used
2114 in a particular test.
2120 - fixed IV used to decrypt informational messages.
2121 This bug was introduced with Mode Config functionality.
2123 - fixed NCP Vendor ID.
2125 - undid one of Ulrich Weber's maximum udp size patches
2126 because it caused a segmentation fault with NAT-ed
2129 - added UML scenarios wildcards and attr-cert which
2130 demonstrate the implementation of IPsec policies based
2131 on wildcard parameters contained in Distinguished Names and
2132 on X.509 attribute certificates, respectively.
2138 - Added basic Mode Config functionality
2140 - Added Mathieu Lafon's patch which upgrades the status of
2141 the NAT-Traversal implementation to RFC 3947.
2143 - The _startklips script now also loads the xfrm4_tunnel
2146 - Added Ulrich Weber's netlink replay window size and
2147 maximum udp size patches.
2149 - UML testing now uses the Linux 2.6.10 UML kernel by default.
2155 - Eric Marchionni and Patrik Rayo, both recent graduates from
2156 the Zuercher Hochschule Winterthur in Switzerland, created a
2157 User-Mode-Linux test setup for strongSwan. For more details
2158 please read the INSTALL and README documents in the testing
2161 - Full support of group attributes based on X.509 attribute
2162 certificates. Attribute certificates can be generated
2163 using the openac facility. For more details see
2167 The group attributes can be used in connection definitions
2168 in order to give IPsec access to specific user groups.
2169 This is done with the new parameter left|rightgroups as in
2171 rightgroups="Research, Sales"
2173 giving access to users possessing the group attributes
2174 Research or Sales, only.
2176 - In Quick Mode clients with subnet mask /32 are now
2177 coded as IP_V4_ADDRESS or IP_V6_ADDRESS. This should
2178 fix rekeying problems with the SafeNet/SoftRemote and NCP
2179 Secure Entry Clients.
2181 - Changed the defaults of the ikelifetime and keylife parameters
2182 to 3h and 1h, respectively. The maximum allowable values are
2183 now both set to 24 h.
2185 - Suppressed notification wars between two IPsec peers that
2186 could e.g. be triggered by incorrect ISAKMP encryption.
2188 - Public RSA keys can now have identical IDs if either the
2189 issuing CA or the serial number is different. The serial
2190 number of a certificate is now shown by the command
2192 ipsec auto --listpubkeys
2198 - Added Tuomo Soini's sourceip feature which allows a strongSwan
2199 roadwarrior to use a fixed Virtual IP (see README section 2.6)
2200 and reduces the well-known four tunnel case on VPN gateways to
2201 a single tunnel definition (see README section 2.4).
2203 - Fixed a bug occurring with NAT-Traversal enabled when the responder
2204 suddenly turns initiator and the initiator cannot find a matching
2205 connection because of the floated IKE port 4500.
2207 - Removed misleading ipsec verify command from barf.
2209 - Running under the native IP stack, ipsec --version now shows
2210 the Linux kernel version (courtesy to the Openswan project).
2216 - Introduced the ipsec auto --listalgs monitoring command which lists
2217 all currently registered IKE and ESP algorithms.
2219 - Fixed a bug in the ESP algorithm selection occurring when the strict flag
2220 is set and the first proposed transform does not match.
2222 - Fixed another deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex,
2223 occurring when a smartcard is present.
2225 - Prevented that a superseded Phase1 state can trigger a DPD_TIMEOUT event.
2227 - Fixed the printing of the notification names (null)
2229 - Applied another of Herbert Xu's Netlink patches.
2235 - Support of Dead Peer Detection. The connection parameter
2237 dpdaction=clear|hold
2239 activates DPD for the given connection.
2241 - The default Opportunistic Encryption (OE) policy groups are not
2242 automatically included anymore. Those wishing to activate OE can include
2243 the policy group with the following statement in ipsec.conf:
2245 include /etc/ipsec.d/examples/oe.conf
2247 The default for [right|left]rsasigkey is now set to %cert.
2249 - strongSwan now has a Vendor ID of its own which can be activated
2250 using the compile option VENDORID
2252 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch which sets the compression algorithm correctly.
2254 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch fixing an ESPINUDP problem
2256 - Applied Herbert Xu's patch setting source/destination port numbers.
2258 - Reapplied one of Herbert Xu's NAT-Traversal patches which got
2259 lost during the migration from SuperFreeS/WAN.
2261 - Fixed a deadlock in the use of the lock_certs_and_keys() mutex.
2263 - Fixed the unsharing of alg parameters when instantiating group
2270 - Thomas Walpuski made me aware of a potential DoS attack via
2271 a PKCS#7-wrapped certificate bundle which could overwrite valid CA
2272 certificates in Pluto's authority certificate store. This vulnerability
2273 was fixed by establishing trust in CA candidate certificates up to a
2274 trusted root CA prior to insertion into Pluto's chained list.
2276 - replaced the --assign option by the -v option in the auto awk script
2277 in order to make it run with mawk under debian/woody.
2283 - Split of the status information between ipsec auto --status (concise)
2284 and ipsec auto --statusall (verbose). Both commands can be used with
2285 an optional connection selector:
2287 ipsec auto --status[all] <connection_name>
2289 - Added the description of X.509 related features to the ipsec_auto(8)
2292 - Hardened the ASN.1 parser in debug mode, especially the printing
2293 of malformed distinguished names.
2295 - The size of an RSA public key received in a certificate is now restricted to
2297 512 bits <= modulus length <= 8192 bits.
2299 - Fixed the debug mode enumeration.
2305 - Fixed another PKCS#7 vulnerability which could lead to an
2306 endless loop while following the X.509 trust chain.
2312 - Fixed the PKCS#7 vulnerability discovered by Thomas Walpuski
2313 that accepted end certificates having identical issuer and subject
2314 distinguished names in a multi-tier X.509 trust chain.
2320 - Removed all remaining references to ipsec_netlink.h in KLIPS.
2326 - The new "ca" section allows to define the following parameters:
2329 cacert=koolCA.pem # cacert of kool CA
2330 ocspuri=http://ocsp.kool.net:8001 # ocsp server
2331 ldapserver=ldap.kool.net # default ldap server
2332 crluri=http://www.kool.net/kool.crl # crl distribution point
2333 crluri2="ldap:///O=Kool, C= .." # crl distribution point #2
2334 auto=add # add, ignore
2336 The ca definitions can be monitored via the command
2338 ipsec auto --listcainfos
2340 - Fixed cosmetic corruption of /proc filesystem by integrating
2341 D. Hugh Redelmeier's freeswan-2.06 kernel fixes.
2347 - Added support for the 818043 NAT-Traversal update of Microsoft's
2348 Windows 2000/XP IPsec client which sends an ID_FQDN during Quick Mode.
2350 - A symbolic link to libcrypto is now added in the kernel sources
2351 during kernel compilation
2353 - Fixed a couple of 64 bit issues (mostly casts to int).
2354 Thanks to Ken Bantoft who checked my sources on a 64 bit platform.
2356 - Replaced s[n]printf() statements in the kernel by ipsec_snprintf().
2357 Credits go to D. Hugh Redelmeier, Michael Richardson, and Sam Sgro
2358 of the FreeS/WAN team who solved this problem with the 2.4.25 kernel.
2364 - an empty ASN.1 SEQUENCE OF or SET OF object (e.g. a subjectAltName
2365 certificate extension which contains no generalName item) can cause
2366 a pluto crash. This bug has been fixed. Additionally the ASN.1 parser has
2367 been hardened to make it more robust against malformed ASN.1 objects.
2369 - applied Herbert Xu's NAT-T patches which fixes NAT-T under the native
2370 Linux 2.6 IPsec stack.
2376 - based on freeswan-2.04, x509-1.5.3, nat-0.6c, alg-0.8.1rc12